Made By: The GIN Family

1. Global Issues Network Water Deficit Made By: The GIN Family

2. What is GIN Mission: To empower students to work internationally with their peers to develop solutions for global issues. It is an International network of students that aims to promote globalization and to raise awareness of the social responsibility of "global Citizens"

3. Types of Water Tanks • Steel Tanks • Rainwater Tanks • Slimline Tanks • Hot water tanks • Underground Water Tanks • Poly Tanks

4. What you could use the water tank's water for? • Gardens • Washing machines • Flushing the toilets • Firefighters • Drinking water • Swimming pools • Washing windows and walls • Wash the dog

5. Water Tanks The benefits of having a water tank are that you would save water. When we have water shortages from the droughts, we could use this water. If we install this water tank, there would be more water for us to drink. We could beat water restriction. With water tanks we could use as much water as we can. You would be able to save a lot of money in the future because since the population is growing at a rapid rate in the world, water will be used more make their be less water in the world. Making the water prices go up. You could also put fresh water in the tank and save money. Then you wouldn't have to buy those expensive water bottles. Water tanks that can hold a little water are cheap, but the water tanks that are big are expensive. Even though the big ones are expensive, you will save a lot of money for the later years that come. It is a good investment to make.You could use secondary water for the hotels. You would use this water for the toilets and showers. We do not have to put clean water in toilet. The hotels use too much clean water for useless things.Instead use the secondary water and save a lot of money. You could also save a lot of fresh water for us to drink.

6. What are the advantages and disadvantages of Water Tanks What are the advantages and disadvantages of below ground water tanks? Advantages: Save space, not obstructive or prominent. Disadvantages: Hard to extract water (needs a pump), difficult to detect leaks and cracks, expensive, can be damaged by a vehicle if driven over the tank, contamination risks. What are the advantages and disadvantages of an above ground water tank? Advantages: Easy to clean, it can be raised off the ground to increase water pressure, less costly than underground water tanks, can easily detect leaks and cracks, easy to extract water, easy maintenance. Disadvantages: Affected by weather, takes up space.

7. Cost of using Rainwater Cost of a rainwater tank will depend on the type, size, location of your tank and the level of difficulty to connect the tank to the house plumbing system. When you are asking about the cost of installation of rainwater tank factors like cost of rainwater tank purchased + delivery + installation + gutter, roof and downpipe alterations + pump if needed + pipe to top if required + maintenance + a flow regulator + tank stand for above the ground installation + excavation work for below ground tanks + backflow prevention devices + first flush device, screens and gutter guards. It is good to ask for three or more quotes from licensed plumber in your area. As a rough guide installation of rainwater tank will some up to around $3,000 to $6,000.

8. Water Tanks • Slime tanks are useful because if you do not have a lot of space in your house, you can put it on the side of the house. • Underground tanks save up a lot of space because it’s placed underground. Some underground water tanks are made of concrete. • Poly tanks are useful and they are durable.This can be purchased in one unit or in several units so you can assemble it yourself. • Wood water tanks are old fashioned but they work just like a steel water tank. • Metal water tanks come in two varieties, stainless steel and normal metal. • Stainless steel is rust free. Stainless steel tanks are recycleable. Metal tanks are cheaper. Stainless steel water tanks are good because the water in metal water tank is healthy and better for consumption. • A normal steel tank would be contaminated because of the rust. • Poly water tanks are lightweight and are not as environment friendly. • Poly tanks are easily moldable and are available in the latest and most efficient space saving designs and shapes. If your house does not have huge space, a poly rainwater tank is the best thing.

9. Prices for water tanks • 5000 litres=970 dollars • 15000 litres= 2185 dollars • 22,500 litres= 2800 dollars • 30000 litres= 3815 dollars • 38000 litres = 5830 dollars • 46400 litres= 6570 dollars In Australia , for rainwater tanks if it is connected to toilet and laundry you would get 850 dollars back for a water tanks that holds 2000-3999 liters of water. For 4000+ liters of water you would get 1300-1500 dollars. A 30,000 litre water tank would get 3,275 dollars. A 25,000 litre water would get 2,750 dollars. A 13,500 litre water tank is 2,499 dollars. A 5000 litre water tank would get 1,530 dollars.

10. Amount of water used in the average household Brushing teeth with tap running= 5 liters Flushing toilet on a dual single flush= 5 liters Flushing toilet on a dual full flush= 10 liters A load in the dishwasher=50 liters A 5 minute shower= 100 liters Hosing the driveaway= 100 liters Washing car with hose= 200 liters Garden sprinkler per hour= 1000 liters A load in the washing machine= 150 liters

11. Well Water Dispensing Station • On our arid island the well water available is of a very brackish nature and of low quality for human consumption. However there are stories and cases where people here on Aruba have successfully been able to tap into the well water, and filter it making it useful for industrial consumption, such as washing dishes, clothing, toilets, watering plants etc. • A possible solution to the problem containing the 20% of the Aruban Population who can not afford water would be a government sponsored program that provides well water for this statistic. The prospect of a reverse osmosis plants to filter this well water can lead to a good solution. A regulated, monitored, and well maintained well water dispensing program for the 20% (for industrial use) could help these families minimize their water bill and help the morality of our island. • The Proposal is to add reverse osmosis stations in strategic locations in the island where they will be accessible to the percentage of the population that suffers from the problem most severely. These stations would be regulated and controlled by government officials, and web. However to ensure that this system will be beneficial it is crucial that these stations are not privatized, or owned by special interest groups. A program for the people, by the government. (Source:http://www.njgonline.nl/publish/articles/000068/article.pdf)

12. Well Water Dispensing System Well Water: Straight Extraction: Ec 5.7 pH 7.8 Ca 80 Mg 104 Na 1060 K 17 Cl 1500 HCO3 380 SO4 180 (Source:http://www.njgonline.nl/publish/articles/000068/article.pdf) http://i00.i.aliimg.com/photo/104585325/Reverse_Osmosis_Plant_R_O_Plant_.jpg Utilizing osmosis plants such as these could bring the quality of the water making it suitable for industrial use.

13. Well Water Dispensing System • The plan would be a huge step for social and humanitarian reform on our beautiful island. • It would only cost around $50,000 to make and about 2000 Afl. a year to maintain. • This would greatly improve the moral of the Aruban locals. • It would be a good use of taxpayers money.

14. Lifesaver Jerrycans • Lifesaver Jerrycans are a good solution to this crisis. • Cost about 190 pounds and can purify and store 20 L of water at a time. • Government can sponsor this for all people that cannot afford to pay their water bill. • People can purify well water or seawater and use it as secondary water. • Easy and reliable solution

15. Lifesaver JerryCans and Other Water Purifier .

16. Greywater Usage • Aruba’s water has been dubbed “the champagne of the Caribbean” • No point on using clean fresh water on toilets and and sprinklers to water plants. • Greywater usage • Aruba’s water is one of the most expensive in the world. • Around 7,000 hotel rooms and 4,000 timeshares on the island. • Tourists love using excessive amounts of water.

17. Greywater in Use Examples for uses of gray water: Toilets and sprinkler water.

18. Dual Flush Toilets • Two buttons to flush different levels of water • Research proves that they can save up to 67 percent of water usage in an average home! • One button outputs 3 litres of water and and the other outputs 6 litres. • Smaller button is for liquid waste and bigger one is for solid waste. • Dual flush toilets start out more expensive than regular toilets, but they save a lot of money in the long run.

19. Dual Flush Toilet Prices • Home Depot charges between 400-500 dollars for one. • Home Depot charges between 100-250 dollars for a regular toilet, but remember, dual flush saves you a lot of money overtime. • They were invented in Australia, and are still made there.

20. Dual Flush Toilet Pictures

21. Aerators • Aerators are used by screwing them into faucets and shower heads. • They introduce air into the water stream, therefore causing good pressure with reduced water usage. • Aerators use water flow in gallons per minute (GPM) • A 2.75 GPM is when you start saving water. • If used correctly, aerators can help you save 3-5 gallons of water per day.

22. Water Trucks • Water Trucks is another solution for people that are struggling with paying their water wages. • People could all pitch in money to buy a tank for the neighborhood. • If the people would like to pick up the water they would need to bring a truck with their own small tank for their house.

23. Salt Water Pools () • Salt water pools are more expensive to install, but in the long run you save up money • Maintenance is once a month, but its cheaper than maintenance of chlorine pools. • Salt water pools are better for your health • Salt water pool owners don't have to buy and transport chlorine. • Rely 100% on chemical disinfection. • Salt water pools require a pH check every now and then • Although salt water pools are not needed in Aruba because the sea is 5 minutes away, in other countries could be very useful.

24. Salt Water Pools ( Continue) Guillermo • You would need to add an extra $10 to $20 (per year) for a high quality salt water pool because of the system such as the pump. • So, you the cost of an average sized pool is ranged from $1,300 to $2,000 (this cost is the cost of the systems, maintenance, • For chlorine based pools you would need an $60 to $100 in chemicals a year.

25. Uses of Biodegradable Detergent • Normal laundry detergents contain dangerous chemicals that harm all forms of life. • Using biodegradable detergent will significantly decrease the amount of harsh chemicals released into the environment. • The laundry water can be reused for an array of other purposes. • One use for the biodegradable laundry water is to water plants, which has been proven to be safe. • Significant amounts of money will be saved each year on reusing the laundry-water.

26. The Importance of Efficient Toilets • The Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation has made a High Efficiency Toilets (HET). • These toilets are specially crafted to use less resources to be created and use less water. • HET toilets are "green." • HET toilets are 20% more efficient than normal. • Totousa-brand toilets can be bought online.

27. Taxes on Aruba water These are taxes by meters cubed of water used a month

28. Price of Water •The tax gets added to the price of water for meters cubed of water used a month.

29. The reason for WEB’s losses •This tax applies to anybody and what I think is not really smart is that WEB is applying a tax of Afl.9.50 for 1 meter cubed of water for non- residential clients that live here, and they are only taxing Afl. 4.55 to local clients that are using less than 3 meters cubed of water a month. The total price though for all clients is the same and it ranges from Afl. 22.75 a month for 5 meters cubed of water to Afl. 612.30 for 50 meters cubed of water. If you look at WEB’s financial reports and compare the ones of 2011 and 2010, you can see that in the year of 2010, WEB made a total income of 9,429,286 Afl. In 2011 though, WEB only got an income of 6,429,879 AFL.Which is about a 3 million florin loss in a year. Did they try to change something to help Aruba, or did more people just switch to an alternative way of getting water because of WEB’s prices.

30. Average Prices • The average price of a family of 4 that does 4 washing cycles a month is 315 AFL. • If you go to a bigger scale, the hotels, such as the Westin, have over a 100,000+ AFL. water bill. • The highest water price in the world is in Denmark, which is 76.09 US cents for 100 liters of water.

31. Average Water Prices Around the World

32. What Happens to Toilet Water in Aruba?

33. Small tips to conserve water (homes and yards). Amir • Water during the early parts of the day; avoid watering when it's windy • Early morning is generally better than dusk since it helps prevent the growth of fungus. Early watering, and late watering, also reduce water loss to evaporation. Watering early in the day is also the best defence against slugs and other garden pests. Try not to water when it's windy - wind can blow sprinklers off target and speed evaporation.Check Faucets and pipes for leaks, a small drip from a pipe can waste 20 gallons of water per day. • Put plastic bottles or a float booster in your toilet tank, To cut down on water waste, put an inch or two of sand or pebbles inside each of two plastic bottles to weigh them down. Fill the bottles with water, screw the lids on, and put them in your toilet tank, safely away from the operating mechanisms. Or, buy an inexpensive tank bank or float booster. This may save ten or more gallons of water per day. Little things will always help you out with your water bills

34. What happens to the toilet water in Aruba? Where does all that water get disposed? Well Aruba does not that have a sewage system so most people have something called the magic box. The magic box is a big concrete hole in the ground, all the dirty water goes into the box where the water goes threw a filter and that water which as been already filtered goes threw a pump which is spread onto your garden. The installation cost about a thousand dollars. It all depends on how big of house you have and how big your garden is.

35. What happens to the people that don’t have a garden? . People that don’t have a garden, the water gets pumped to either the back of your house your it just does not get pumped out. Which mean every month you have to call the drainage company to stake out the water, this process costs a lot of money.

36. What does the government do? •The government has done nothing to help the people with the sewage system. If you build a house you better make sure you have the sewage part of your house the right way because if you get in trouble because your water is going to other peoples house they will complain to the government and the government will tell you to fix it.

37. Big Residences •Some residences in Aruba have the box already built with the pump and the drip system connected to the magic box, Like teria del sol. The pumps that you have to buy Is like a pool pump, there’s either a hose or a pipe connect to the pump.

38. Where can it be bought You can buy the pump and the pipe at any hardware stores. There is not really one specific store that exports it the hardware companies on aruba they export and they install it for you. The prices vary a pump can go from 100 dollars to about 1000 dollars depending on how big your house is and what type of pump you want.

39. Coclusion The overall problem of water deficit is one that daunts this island of ours. With all the propositions presented in the previous slides, we could potentially eradicate our water problem. Thank you for your time.