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Elements & Principles of Design

Elements & Principles of Design. The ELEMENTS of art: line, shape, form, color, value, texture and space. 1) Line. “a dot that moves” or “continuous mark” Describes a shape or outline. It can be: straight, curved, vertical, horizontal, jagged, or dotted.

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Elements & Principles of Design

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  1. Elements & Principles of Design

  2. The ELEMENTS of art: line, shape, form, color, value, texture and space.

  3. 1) Line • “a dot that moves” or “continuous mark” • Describes a shape or outline. • It can be: straight, curved, vertical, horizontal, jagged, or dotted

  4. TheELEMENTSof art: Line…a dot that moves….defines space, contours and outlines, or suggests mass and volume. Straight, curved, vertical, horizontal, jagged, dotted Vincent van Gogh Cottage Garden 1888reed pen, quill, and ink over graphite on wove paper, 24 x 19-1/4 inchesPrivate Collection, Courtesy Metropolitan Museum of Art Dominance Portfolio, Blue, Bridget Riley, 1977

  5. 2) Shape • An enclosed space defined by other art elements such as line, color and texture. • Shapes can be geometric or organic. • Geometric: Circles, squares, rectangles , triangles. Seen in architecture, manufactured items. • Organic:Leafs, seashells, flowers. Seen in nature; free flowing and irregular shapes.

  6. TheELEMENTS of art: shapeAn enclosed space defined by other art elements such as line, color and texture. May be geometric or organic Dogs, MC ESCHER, 1938 Cycle, MC ESCHER, 1938

  7. Positive and Negative Shapes • PositiveShapes are the solid forms in a design such as a bowl of fruit.  In a sculpture it is the solid form of the sculpture. • NegativeShapes-In a drawing it is the space around the positive shape or the shape around the bowl of fruit.  In sculpture it is the empty shape around and between the sculptures.

  8. 3) Form • Appears 3-dimensional (3D) such as a cube, sphere, pyramid or cylinder. • Shape is only two-dimensional; form is three-dimensional. You can hold a form; walk around a form • Form can also be geometric or organic.

  9. Are these forms organic or geometric? Where is the positive and negative shapes? The ELEMENTS of art: form Midsummer Snowballs, Andy Goldsworthy CLOUD GATE, Chicago ,Anish Kapoor SNOWBALL, Andy Goldsworthy

  10. Organic or Geometric Forms? Alexander Calder’s MOBILE at the National Gallery of Art TheELEMENTSof art: form White Vertical Water, 1972 Louise Nevelson

  11. 4) Color • Color Theory PowerPoint and Color Wheel

  12. Complementary, Cool, Warm Color Schemes The ELEMENTSof art: color Yellow and blue accentuate each other in van Gogh’s Café Terrace on the Place du Forum, Arles, 1888 Red and green accentuate each other in van Gogh’s Night Café in Arles, which was painted the same month as the café at left

  13. 5) Value • Refers to the light and dark areas of a picture. • Value creates depth within a picture making an object look three dimensional (3D) with highlights and cast shadows.

  14. Categories of Value • Tintis adding white to create lighter values such as light blue or pink. • Shadeis adding black to create dark values such as dark blue or dark red. • Value Scale is a scale that shows the gradual change in value from its lightest value, white to its darkest value black. 

  15. TheELEMENTSof art: value Refers to the light and dark areas of an art work

  16. TheELEMENTSof art: value Study of Arms and Hands, Da Vinci 1474

  17. El Greco: Allegory, Boy Lighting Candle in the Company of an Ape and a Fool The ELEMENTSof art: value

  18. TheELEMENTSof art: value THE MILKMAID (De Melkmeid ) c. 1658-1661oil on canvas17 7/8 x 16 1/8 in. (45.5 x 41 cm.)The Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam

  19. 6) Texture • The surface quality • A rock may be rough and jagged. A piece of silk may be soft and smooth and your desk may feel hard and smooth. • Texture also refers to the way a picture is made to look rough or smooth.

  20. The ELEMENTS of art: texture The surface quality of an artwork usually perceived through the sense of touch. Texture may also be implied. SURFACE is polished marble, simulated texture of flesh and fabric

  21. The ELEMENTS of art: texture Shoes, 1888Vincent van Gogh (Dutch, 1853–1890)Oil on canvas; 18 x 21 3/4 in. Vincent van Gogh (Dutch, 1853–1890)Sunflowers 1887MediumOil on canvas 17 x 24 in. (43.2 x 61 cm)

  22. 6) SPACE • The distance around, between, above, below, and within an object. • Categories of Space • Positive Space (similar to positive shape) • Negative Space (similar to negative shape) • Composition: organization of elements in artwork • Focal Point

  23. The ELEMENTS of art: space The distance around, between, above, below, and within an object. NEGATIVE SPACE OR POSITIVE SPACE Fallingwater is the name of a very special house that is built over a waterfall.  Frank Lloyd Wright, America’s most famous architect, designed the house for his clients, the Kaufmann family.  Fallingwater was built between 1936 and 1939.  It instantly became famous, and today it is a National Historic Landmark.

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