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Measures in Science: Metric System & SI Units

Learn about the metric system and SI units used in science, including base units, derived units, SI unit prefixes, scientific notation, converting units, and performing operations in scientific notation.

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Measures in Science: Metric System & SI Units

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  1. Ch. 2 Sec. 1 Measures in Science

  2. Metric System & SI Units • French Scientists adopted metric system in 1795 • Metric system uses powers of 10 • 10 millimeter = 1 centimeter • 10 centimeter = 1 decimeter • 10 decimeter = 1 meter • There are 7 base units

  3. Base units Chart

  4. Derived units • Combination of the base units • Speed or velocity = meters per second, m/s • Energy = joule, kg m2/s2

  5. SI Unit Prefixes

  6. Scientific Notation • Able to make using really large or small numbers easier • Expressing decimal numbers in powers of 10 • N x 10n • Move decimal point until only one non-zero digit remains • Count the number of spaces and use that as exponent • Earth to Mars = 227 800 000 000m • 2.278 x 1011m • Mass of electron = 0.000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 911 kg • 9.11 x 10-31kg

  7. Express in Sci. Notation • 5800 • 450 000 • 302 000 000 • 86 000 000 000 • 0.000 508 • 0.000 000 45 • 0.0003600 • 0.004

  8. Express in Sci. Notation • 5800 = 5.8 x 103 • 450 000 = 4.5 x 105 • 302 000 000 = 3.02 x 108 • 86 000 000 000 = 8.6 x 1010 • 0.000 508 = 5.08 x 10-4 • 0.000 000 45 = 4.5 x 10-7 • 0.0003600 = 3.600 x 10-4 • 0.004 = 4 x 10-3

  9. Converting Units • What is the equivalent in km of 670 m? • 1 km = 1000 m • (1000 m)/ (1 km) = 1 • Using a Conversion Factor you can determine the relationship between two units • Multiplier equal to one • 670 m = (670 m) (1 km / 1000 m) • (670 m x 1 km) / 1000 m = 0.670 km • Label units will cancel out

  10. Converting Units Practice • 1.1 cm  meters • 76.2 pm  millimeters • 2.1 km  meters • 2.278 x 1011 m  kilometers • 147 g  kilograms • 11 Mg  kilograms • 7.23 µg  kilograms • 478 mg  kilograms

  11. Converting Units Practice • 1.1 cm  1.1 x 10-2 m • 76.2 pm  7.62 x 10-8 mm • 2.1 km  2.1 x 103 m • 2.278 x 1011 m  2.278 x 108 km • 147 g  1.47 x 10-1 kg • 11 Mg  1.1 x 104 kg • 7.23 µg  7.23 x 10-9 kg • 478 mg  4.78 x 10-4 kg

  12. Adding and Subtracting in Sci. Notation • When adding or subtracting, make sure the powers of 10 are the same (10N) • 4 x 108 + 3 x 108 • (4 + 3) x 108 • 7 x 108 • (4.1 x 10-6) – (3.0 x 10-7) • (4.1 x 10-6) – (0.30 x 10-6) • (4.1 – 0.30) x 10-6 • 3.8 x 10-6

  13. Multiplying & Dividing in Sci. Notation • Multiply or divide the values and the units • Add (if multiplying) or subtract (if dividing) the exponents • (4 x 103 kg)(5 x 1011 m) • (4 x 5) x 103 + 11 kg•m • 20 x 1014 kg m  2 x 1015 kg m • (8 x 106 m3) / (2 x 10-3 m2) • (8/2) x 106– (-3) m(3-2) • 4 x 109 m • If units have powers, add or subtract accordingly

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