Abnormal Psych

1. Abnormal Psych Chapter 16 Psychological Disorders

2. Psychological Disorders 1. Define abnormal vs. normal 2. Distinguish b/w methods of deciding normality 3. Recognize and use the bell-shaped curve showing normal 4. Develop and analyze surveys to determine normal personality qualities and behaviors

3. Psychological Disorders • Normal/ Abnormal: Who decides? • Group Survey Creation • Individual survey Completion • Results tabulation and presentation of results

4. Psychological Disorders • Quiz 16-1/ Developmental Review Sheets on Desk/ EC on Desk • Calendar Review • Developmental Test Review • Abnormal Project HW: 16-2, Review U1 (Prologue & Ch 1) EC Due

5. Psychological Disorders 16-1 619-626 Perspectives on Psychological Disorders: Medical Model, Pinel, Bio-Psycho-Social Perspective, DSM-IV, Diagnostic Labeling, Rosenhan • 1.  Identify the criteria for judging whether behavior is psychologically disordered. • 2.  Describe the medical model of psychological disorders, and discuss the bio-psycho-social perspective offered by critics of this model. • 3.  Describe the aims of DSM-IV and discuss the potential dangers associated with the use of diagnostic labels.

6. Psychological Disorders • Psychological Disorder • a “harmful dysfunction” in which behavior is judged to be: • atypical--not enough in itself • disturbing--varies with time and culture • maladaptive--harmful • unjustifiable--sometimes there’s a good reason

7. Psychological Disorders • 5 Axes of the DSM-IV • Axis I- addresses clinical syndromes & major disorders: schizo, anxiety dis, dis diag in infancy, childhood, adolesc, somatoform dis, sexual dis, delirium, amnesia, dementia <<all disorders other than Personality & MR>> • Axis II- personality disorders; MR • Axis III – Gen Med Conditions relevant to understanding/ managing the disorder (Hypothyrodism-Depression) • Axis IV-Psychosocial & Environmental Problems that may affect diagnosis, treatment, prognosis of mental disorders (housing, economic, family) • Axis V-rep global assessment of person’s level of functioning. (90 indicates minimal symptoms & 1 maximal –ie. viol subj likely to harm others)

8. Historical Perspective • Perceived Causes • movements of sun or moon • lunacy--full moon • evil spirits • Ancient Treatments • exorcism, caged like animals, beaten, burned, castrated, mutilated, blood replaced with animal’s blood, bloodletting

9. Psychological Disorders • Phillipe Pinel–France early 1800s – said madness was sickness of mind, not demon posession, unchained patients and talked to them • Led to Medical Model in 1800s (hospitals replaced asylums) • Medical Model • concept that diseases have physical causes • can be diagnosed, treated, and in most cases, cured • assumes that these “mental” illnesses can be diagnosed on the basis of their symptoms and cured through therapy, which may include treatment in a psychiatric hospital

10. Psychological Disorders Cross-Cultural Analysis • Environmental effects evident from cross-cultural analysis:   • Dep and Schizo present worldwide • Anorexia & Bulimia – Western • Susto- Latin America; severe anxiety, restlessness, fear of black magic • Taijin-kyofusho-Japan; social anxiety of appearance, blushing & fear of eye contact

11. Psychological Disorders • Today, mental health workers agree that disorders influenced by: • genes • physiological states • inner psychological dynamics • social-cultural • circumstances • Bio-Psycho-Social Perspective • assumes that biological, sociocultural, and psychological factors combine and interact to produce psychological disorders

12. Bio-Psycho-Social Perspective

13. Psychological Disorders--Etiology • DSM-IV • American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fourth Edition) • a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders • presently distributed as DSM-IV-TR (text revision) • 17 categories of mental disorders & neurotic disorders & psychotic disorders • Most Health insurance companies require diagnosis w DSM-IV to pay for therapy

14. Anxiety Disorders • Anxiety Disorders • distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety • Generalized Anxiety Disorder • person is tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal

15. Anxiety Disorders • Panic Disorder • marked by a minutes-long episode of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensation

16. Anxiety Disorders • Phobia • persistent, irrational fear of a specific object or situation • Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder • unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and/or actions (compulsions)

17. Anxiety Disorders • Common and uncommon fears

18. Anxiety Disorders

19. Anxiety Disorders • PET Scan of brain of person with Obsessive/ Compulsive disorder • High metabolic activity (red) in frontal lobe areas involved with directing attention

20. Mood Disorders • Mood Disorders • characterized by emotional extremes • Major Depressive Disorder • a mood disorder in which a person, for no apparent reason, experiences two or more weeks of depressed moods, feelings of worthlessness, and diminished interest or pleasure in most activities • Dysthymic Disorder- less extreme than MJD, but longer lasting (“the blues”)

21. Mood Disorders • Manic Episode • a mood disorder marked by a hyperactive, wildly optimistic state • Bipolar Disorder • a mood disorder in which the person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania • formerly called manic-depressive disorder

22. Mood Disorders-Depression

23. Mood Disorders-Depression • Canadian depression rates

24. Mood Disorders- Suicide

25. Depressed state Manic state Depressed state Mood Disorders-Bipolar • PET scans show that brain energy consumption rises and falls with emotional switches

26. Mood Disorders-Depression • Altering any one component of the chemistry-cognition-mood circuit can alter the others

27. Mood Disorders-Depression • The vicious cycle of depression can be broken at any point

28. Schizophrenia & Personality Disorders • 16-4 Quiz • Projects • HW: 17-1, Review Ch 5&6 Sensation & Perception

29. Schizophrenia & Personality Disorders 16-4 646-657 Schizophrenia: Symptoms, Subtypes, Biological and Psychological Factors; Personality Disorders; Prevalence of Psych Disorders 1.  Explain the development of mood disorders, paying special attention to the biological and social-cognitive perspectives. 2.  Describe the various symptoms and types of schizophrenia, and discuss research on its causes. 3.  Describe the nature of personality disorders, focusing on the characteristics of the antisocial personality disorder. 4.  Describe the characteristics and possible causes of dissociative identity disorder. 5.  Describe the prevalence of various disorders and the timing of their onset.

30. Dissociative Disorders • Dissociative Disorders • conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings • Dissociative Identity Disorder • rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities • formerly called multiple personality disorder

31. Schizophrenia • Schizophrenia • literal translation “split mind” • a group of severe disorders characterized by: • disorganized and delusional thinking • disturbed perceptions • inappropriate emotions and actions

32. Schizophrenia • Delusions • false beliefs, often of persecution or grandeur, that may accompany psychotic disorders • Hallucinations • sensory experiences without sensory stimulation

33. Schizophrenia

34. Schizophrenia

35. Schizophrenia

36. Schizophrenia

37. Personality Disorders • Personality Disorders • disorders characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning • usually without anxiety, depression, or delusions

38. Personality Disorders • Antisocial Personality Disorder • disorder in which the person (usually man) exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members • may be aggressive and ruthless or a clever con artist

39. Mood Disorders-Depression • Boys who were later convicted of a crime showed relatively low arousal

40. Murderer Normal Personality Disorders • PET scans illustrate reduced activation in a murderer’s frontal cortex

41. Personality Disorders

42. Rates of Psychological Disorders

43. Chapter 17 Therapy

44. 17-1 659-664 Psychological Therapies: Dix, Psychoanalysis - Methods, Psychodynamic Therapy; Freud, Humanistic-Client Centered Therapy, Active Listening, UPR, Maslow, Rogers 1.  Discuss the aims and methods of psychoanalysis, and explain the critics’ concerns with this form of therapy, noting how psychodynamic therapists have tried to answer the criticisms. 2.  Identify basic characteristics of the humanistic therapies and the specific goals and techniques of client-centered therapy.

45. 17-2 664-673 • Behavior Therapies: Classical Conditioning Therapies-Counterconditioning (Exposure Therapies--Systematic Desensitization, Vrtual Reality Exposure Therapy; Aversive Conditioning), Operant Conditioning Therapy-Token Economy, Cognitive Therapy, CBT, Group & Family Therapy • 3.  Identify the basic assumptions of behavior therapy, and discuss the classical conditioning techniques of systematic desensitization and aversive conditioning. • 4.  Describe therapeutic applications of operant conditioning principles, and explain the critics’ concerns with this behavior modification process. • 5.  Describe the assumptions and goals of the cognitive therapies and their application to the treatment of depression. • 6.  Describe the rationale and benefits of group therapy, including family therapy.

46. States of Consciousness Q/A • States of Consciousness Review Quiz • Review Test Essay • Project Presentations • HW: 17-4, Practice Essays – Bring on Disk or Flash Drive

47. States of Consciousness Q/A • States of Consciousness Review Quiz • IB Exam Prep • Review Test Essay • HW: 17-4, Practice Essays – Bring on Disk or Flash Drive

48. 17-3 674-684 • Evaluating Psychotherapy: Effectiveness of Psychotherapy, Meta-Analysis, Alternative Therapies: Therapeutic Touch, EMDR, Light Exposure Therapy, Commonalities of Therapies, Types of Therapists • 7.  Discuss the findings regarding the effectiveness of the psychotherapies, and explain why ineffective therapies are often mistakenly perceived to be of value. • 8.  Describe the commonalities among the psychotherapies, and discuss the role of values and cultural differences in the psychotherapeutic process.

49. 17-4 Quiz • Project Presentations • Essay Review • Review Confusing Pairs/ Fond Remb/ People Packet • HW: Disorders & Therapies- Take Home Tests on Web 2 Sheets of Paper Take Both, Check Answers, then create test review sheet and create notes for missed questions (if you missed 10 items, you should have 10 annotations for notes)

50. 17-4 Quiz • Project Presentations • Review M.C. • Review Confusing Pairs/ Fond Remb/ People Packet • HW: Online Disorders & Therapies- Take Home Tests on Web, can work w/ partner Review Essay Rubrics **FRI Review Session in S-7, 2:15-3:15 (Con’t be Late)….EC???