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Chapter 1 Health and Disease Introduction & Terminology

The Nature of Disease Pathology for the Health Professions Thomas H. McConnell. Chapter 1 Health and Disease Introduction & Terminology. Your Textbook’s Approach to Pathophysiology. Part I: Mechanisms of Health and Disease (Exam 1) Also called General Pathology

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Chapter 1 Health and Disease Introduction & Terminology

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  1. The Nature of DiseasePathology for the Health Professions Thomas H. McConnell Chapter 1 Health and Disease Introduction & Terminology

  2. Your Textbook’s Approach to Pathophysiology • Part I: Mechanisms of Health and Disease (Exam 1) • Also called General Pathology • General mechanisms of disease • Part II: Disorders of Organ Systems (Exams 2 & 3) • Also called Special Pathology • Diseases of Specific Organ Systems • Part II: Disorders of the Stages and States of Life (You are NOT responsible for this, but it might be important for you in certain disciplines) • Application of general and special pathology to stages of life

  3. Introduction to Pathophysiology Pathophysiology – the study of the underlying changes in body physiology that result from disturbance(s) in homeostasis, i.e., disease, which is some form of injury to the body. It seeks to: - Understand mechanisms of disease - Examine how/why alterations occur during disease • **Understand how alterations from normal produce signs and symptoms of disease Pathogenesis – Pattern of changes, or stages, occurring during the development of the disease Anatomic Pathology – examines structural alterations (lesions) in cells tissues and organs. May be gross or microscopic Clinical Pathology – Studies functional aspects of disease by laboratory analysis of tissue, blood, urine, other body fluids

  4. Disease and Structure/Function WHAT IS DISEASE? • Failed homeostasis • Anatomy and physiology gone wrong • Abnormal form, abnormal function • Structural disorder >> functional disorder • Functional disorder >> structural disorder

  5. Some Introductory Terminology • Etiology – cause of a disease (pathogens, environment, genetics, etc.) • Idiopathic: cause unknown • Iatrogenic: result of medical treatment • Nosocomial: result of being in a hospital environment • Disease terminology • Acute: rapid onset, short-lived, distinct manifestations • Chronic: slow onset, long duration, indistinct manifestations • Remission: periods when signs/symptoms diminish • Exacerbation: periods when signs/symptoms worsen • Complication: onset of additional disease • Sequellae: events that result from disease or trauma

  6. More Introductory Terminology… • Clinical manifestations – evidence of disease • Signs: objective, measurable evidence of disease • Symptoms: patient-reported, subjective experiences • Prodrome: vague symptoms (insidious), prior to full-blown disease • Latent period (incubation): disease present, but no symptoms (subclinical since no evidence of disease yet) • Syndrome, e.g., AIDS, SIDS, ARDS: • Group (constellation) of symptoms that occur together • May be caused by several interrelated problems See your textbook on pp. 4-5 for terms on last three slides

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