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English Civil War, The Glorious Revolution & the Restoration

English Civil War, The Glorious Revolution & the Restoration. Magna Carta. England 1600. King James Stuart I. King James VI of Scotland Inherited Queen Elizabeth I throne (1603-1625) Key questions: how much power should Parliament have. Believed in Absolutism

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English Civil War, The Glorious Revolution & the Restoration

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  1. English Civil War, The Glorious Revolution & the Restoration

  2. Magna Carta

  3. England 1600

  4. King James Stuart I • King James VI of Scotland • Inherited Queen Elizabeth I throne (1603-1625) • Key questions: how much power should Parliament have. • Believed in Absolutism • Worst struggles w/ Parliament were over money. They were reluctant ot pay for James’s’ expensive court & foreign wars • Offended Puritan members of Parliament • James = Calvinist • only agreed to one Puritan reform: translating the Bible: The King James version

  5. King Charles Stuart I • 1625 son of James, came to power • Always needed money • At war with Spain and France • Dissolved Parliament several times when they refused him money • 1628 force to call Parliament • They refused him any money until he signed a document that is known at the Petition of Rights • Agreed to sign the Petition of Rights

  6. Charles I

  7. Petition Of Rights • No imprisonment w/o due cause • No taxes w/o Parliament’s consent • No housing soldiers in private homes • No martial law in peacetime Charles signed it & then… Ignored it!!!!! (even so… it was important b/c it set forth the idea that the law was HIGHER than the KING

  8. King Charles Stuart I & the English Civil War • Offended Puritans by upholding church ritual & a formal prayer book • 1637- he tried to force the Presbyterian Scots to accept a version of the Anglican prayer book! • Wanted one religion for both Kingdoms • Scots rebelled, threatening to invade England • Called Parliament to ask for money for the rebellion • Parliament now had a chance to oppose him • 1641- Parliament passed laws to limit royal power • 1642- Charles tries to arrest Parliament’s leaders; they escaped • Mob of Londoners Raged outside the Palace after the King! • He escaped & raised an army in the North (loyal to him) • 1642-49 – supporters (loyalists or Cavaliers) & opponents (Roundheads) fought a CIVIL WAR • 1644- Oliver Cromwell came to defend the Puritan opposition

  9. Charles I Tried for Treason & Executed • 1647- the loyalists held the King prisoner on charges of treason • 1649- Charles was tried for treason, found guilty and EXECUTED! • First King ever to be tried, sentenced and killed by the people

  10. Oliver Cromwell & the English Commonwealth

  11. Oliver Cromwell • Puritan Morality imposed! • Sought to reform society • Made laws to promote Puritan morality & abolish “sinful” activities (dancing, theatre, comedy, sports) • Favored religious toleration for all Christians; except Catholics • Became unpopular due to strict religious rules • Son ruled after him, weakly • People began to long for the Monarchy

  12. The Restoration & Charles Stuart II • 1660- Charles II entered London to cheers of support and celebration for the return of the KING • Restored the theater, sporting events, dancing • Parliament passed an important guarantee of freedom, HABEAS CORPUS • 1679- law passed guaranteeing prisoners right to go before a judge & the accuser • Monarch could no longer put people in jail randomly • Died 1685 with no heir

  13. James Stuart II (Charles II brother) • 1685- became King • Offended the English by flaunting his Catholicism • Appointed many Catholics to high office (illegal) • Parliament protested. James dissolved them • 1688- heir born, England became fearful at the prospect of a long line of Catholic Kings

  14. James Stuart II & the Glorious Revolution

  15. William and Mary • James II older daughter (Protestant) was married to William of Orange (Netherlands). • Parliament invited them to overthrow James • William led his army to London • James fled to France (to save his head) • = a BLOODLESS overthrown of a King • THE GLORIOUS REVOLUTION

  16. The “Conditions” = A Constitutional Monarchy • William & Mary had to agree to rule according to English Law • They had to sign the Bill of Rights • Recognizing Parliament as their Partner in governing. • No suspending of Parliament’s Laws • No taxes w/o a specific grant from Parliament • No interfering w/ freedom of speech in Parliament • No Penalty for a citizen who complains to the King • William & Mary Consented • Constitutional Monarch is Born

  17. English Bill of Rights

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