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A Tale of Two Isotopes: δ18O and δ13C

A Tale of Two Isotopes: δ18O and δ13C. δ 18 O in benthic foram tests : temperature effect: δ 18 O decreases by 1‰ for every 4.2 o C increase in T ice volume effect: δ 18 O in the deep ocean increases as ice sheets grow δ 13 C in benthic foram tests :

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A Tale of Two Isotopes: δ18O and δ13C

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  1. A Tale of Two Isotopes: δ18O and δ13C

  2. δ18O in benthic foram tests: • temperature effect: δ18O decreases by 1‰ for every 4.2oC increase in T • ice volume effect: δ18O in the deep ocean increases as ice sheets grow • δ13C in benthic foram tests: • nutrient effect: δ13Cdecreases as nutrient concentration increases • deep water formation effect: δ13C in the deep ocean increases as NADW formation decreases

  3. Major features of climate record over last 5 Ma gradual cooling over past ~3 Ma, with onset of NH glaciations switch from 41 ky cycle to 100 ky extreme amplitude glacial/interglacial transition ODP Site 849 – eastern eq. Pac., 3839 m depth

  4. Northeast Atlantic, 2179 m depth

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