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Slavery and the Old South

Dive into the complexities of slavery in the Old South, from the diverse cotton kingdom to the Missouri Compromise and narratives of resistance and freedom. Explore various forms of protest, including slave revolts, and the evolving dynamics between white and black populations. Discover the impact of slavery in Latin America and the experiences of free blacks, all within the historical context of the Antebellum South.

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Slavery and the Old South

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  1. 9 Slavery and the Old South

  2. Slavery and the Old South • Building a Diverse Cotton Kingdom • Missouri Compromise • Morning: Master and Mistress in the Big House • Noon: Slaves in House and Fields • Night: Slaves in Their Quarters • Resistance and Freedom • Conclusion: Douglass’s Dream of Freedom

  3. Building a Diverse Cotton Kingdom

  4. The Diverse Cotton Kingdom • Different “Souths” • Upper South • Lower South • Coastal v. pine forests v. Appalachians • Urban v.rural • But all predominantly agricultural

  5. The Varied Economic Life in the South

  6. The Expansion of Slavery • Economy strong, based mainly on cotton • Industrialization increased demand • Gulf States now more attractive • Slavery increasingly a fixed institution

  7. Slavery in Latin America • Widespread use of slaves • Arising from decimation of Indian populations • Sugar used slave labor • Extremely harsh use of black labor • Slave population decreases • Mining in Bolivia • Slavery persists longer in Latin America • Abolished last in Cuba and Brazil

  8. White and Black Migrations • Southerners move into Texas • Displace Native Americans and Mexicans • Old tobacco and cotton fields exhausted • Internal slave trade • From Virginia to the lower South • Importing slaves ended, 1808

  9. Missouri Compromise

  10. Missouri Compromise • Slavery an issue often sidestepped • Missouri applies for admission, 1819 • Northwest Ordinance had kept slavery out • Territory west of Mississippi not covered • Conflict over power of Congress • Three-month debate

  11. Missouri Compromise (cont'd) • Compromise • Missouri to be a slave state • Maine a free state • Line between slave and free drawn at 36°30’

  12. Southern Dependence on Slavery • Developing rhetoric • Slavery profitable • Often chosen over free white and black labor • Increasing dependence on cotton

  13. The Planter Class • Distinct culture • More paternalistic • Father and dependants • Masculine code

  14. Slavery and Class • Number of slave-holding families declined to 25% • Slavery still a mark of status • Goal is to own slaves and large plantation • Middling classes • Treating blacks as inferiors raises their status • Yeoman farmers

  15. Slavery and Class (cont'd) • 75% of southerners have no slaves • Live in isolation • Work small farms, often as tenants

  16. The Life of Yeoman Farm Families

  17. The Life of Yeoman FarmFamilies, cont

  18. Morning: Master and Mistress in the Big House

  19. Morning: Master andMistress in the Big House • Approach to understanding Antebellum South • Examine interactions through the day • Allows examination of separate societies

  20. A Slave Coffle

  21. A Slave Market

  22. Justifications for Slavery • Biblical – descendants of Ham • Historical – as an old tradition • Legal – based on Constitution • Pseudoscientific – supposed racial inferiority • Sociological – blacks as children • Claims that “wage slaves” were worse off

  23. Noon: Slaves in House and Fields

  24. Noon: Slaves in House and Fields • Task system • For example, a certain quantity of cotton • House slaves better off in material terms • Poor health • Some concern for slaves as commodities • Wide range of physical punishments • Sexual abuse

  25. Night: Slaves in Their Quarters

  26. Night: Slaves in Their Quarters • Religion • Used by whites for control • But takes a different turn • Song • Important form of expression • Theme of bondage and deliverance • Family

  27. Slave Families in Their Quarters

  28. Slave Families in Their Quarters, cont

  29. Resistance and Freedom

  30. Forms of Protest • Breaking tools, missing work • Flight • Often for short terms • Intermarriage with Seminole Indians • Underground Railroad • Revolts • Demark Vesey, 1822 • Nat Turner, 1831

  31. Slave Revolts, Maroons, and the Abolition of Slavery in the Americas, 1790–1888

  32. Frederick Douglass

  33. Free Blacks • Numbers of free blacks double • 500,000 by 1860 • Half in the South • Urban black communities • Most free blacks in the South in rural areas • Churches critical in black society • Active urban communities

  34. Conclusion:Douglass’s Dream of Freedom

  35. Conclusion:Douglass’s Dream of Freedom • Frederick Douglass • Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, 1845 • Escape to freedom • Many different notions of a better society • Explored in next chapter

  36. Timeline

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