Internal events – ( Inside Parliament) Grey/Whigs in power - reformers Tories oppose reform

1. Fear of Revolution External Factors Internal events– (Inside Parliament) Grey/Whigs in power - reformers Tories oppose reform Passage of Bill – difficult – frightening? 1832 reform Act Whigs extend franchise redistribute seats Bill does not change things much. Why passed? Expediency? – Reform that ye may preserve? Principle? – Move towards democracy Radical ideas Middle class radicals Riots after Second Bill rejected Radical ideas Working class demands Swing Riots So Expediency or principle? External or Internal? 1832

2. Trade Union campaign External Factors Demands for More form from Radicals Inside + outside parl Internal events –(Inside Parliament) Liberals resign 1866 Derby/Disraeli/Tories in power Disraeli needs reform – 1866 Bill Some Tories resign Liberals amend Bill – Disraeli does not mind Bill passed – extends franchise to some w/c Redistribution of seats (25 to Counties) Tories credited with passing reform Does it change who holds power/ Am Civil War Gladstone converted to Franchise extension Hyde Park riots W/C more responsible? So Expediency or principle? External or Internal? Population changes Urban expansion 1867

3. External Factors Internal events– Gladstone/Liberals in power Gladstone needed Reform Bill as social reform was lacking. Put forward Reform Bill. Tories in Lords rejected it. Crisis. Threat to get rid of House of Lords. Salisbury – Arlington House Compromise – Passed [a] 1884 Reform Bill and [b] 1885 Redistribution Bill. [a] extends franchise to all w/c men [b] Changes constituencies – creates ‘villa Toryism’ – Tories get MP’s in towns Demands for More form from Radicals Inside + outside parl 1884/5 So Expediency or principle? External or Internal?