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GENERAL OSTEOLOGY

GENERAL OSTEOLOGY. Pages 4 - 8. the skeletal system (osteology) consists of bones and cartilage provides our basic shape and support for the body and is what the muscular system acts on to produce movement protects vital organs such as the heart, lungs, and pelvic organs. Bones.

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GENERAL OSTEOLOGY

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  1. GENERAL OSTEOLOGY Pages 4 - 8

  2. the skeletal system (osteology) consists of bones and cartilage • provides our basic shape and support for the body and is what the muscular system acts on to produce movement • protects vital organs such as the heart, lungs, and pelvic organs

  3. Bones • two types of bone: 1) compact bone 2) spongy bone • have a superficial thin layer of compact bone around a central mass of spongy bone, except where the latter is replaced by a medullary cavity

  4. Classification, markings & formations of bones

  5. Long bones: diaphyses and epiphyses • Short bones: cuboidal in shape; carpal and tarsal bones • Flat bones: thin and flat; scapula, vault of the skull → cancellous layer = diploe with red bone marrow • Irreagular bones: fit none of the previous description • Sesamoid bones: develop in certain tendons and are found where tendons cross the ends of long bones in the limbs; patella

  6. capitulum: small, round, articular head • condyle: rounded, knuckle-like articular area, often occurring in pairs • crest: ridge of bone • epicondyle: eminence superior to a condyle • facet: smooth flat area, usually covered with cartilage → bone articulates with another bone • foramen: passage through a bone • fossa: hollow or depressed area • groove: elongated depression or furrow

  7. head (caput): large, round articular end • line: linear elevation • malleolus: rounded process • notch: indentation at the edge of a bone • protuberance: projection of bone • spine: thorn-like process • spinous process: projecting spine-like part • trochanter: large blunt elevation • trochlea: spool-like articular process or process that acts as a pulley • tubercle: small raised eminence • tuberosity: large rounded elevation

  8. Cartilage

  9. Specialized supporting connective tissue • No neurovascular elements • Hyaline: bluish-white, in fetal skeleton, in adult are remnants; articular, costal cartilages • Elastic: yellowish; external ear and epiglottis • Fibrocartilage: more collagen fibers; tendon insertions and intervertebral discs

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