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DIGITAL FLUOROSCOPY

DIGITAL FLUOROSCOPY. TUBE ABOVE THE TABLE. TUBE UNDER THE TABLE. C-ARM FLUOROSCOPY. MINI C-ARM. CONVENTIONAL FLUOROSCOPY. FLUOROSCOPIC DATA AQUSITION-IMAGE INTENSIFIED SYSTEM. X-RAY TUBE PATIENT IMAGE INTENSIFIER OUTPUT PHOSPHOR CAMERA MONITOR. BEAM SPLITTER.

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DIGITAL FLUOROSCOPY

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  1. DIGITAL FLUOROSCOPY

  2. TUBE ABOVE THE TABLE

  3. TUBE UNDER THE TABLE

  4. C-ARM FLUOROSCOPY

  5. MINI C-ARM

  6. CONVENTIONAL FLUOROSCOPY

  7. FLUOROSCOPIC DATA AQUSITION-IMAGE INTENSIFIED SYSTEM • X-RAY TUBE • PATIENT • IMAGE INTENSIFIER • OUTPUT PHOSPHOR • CAMERA • MONITOR

  8. BEAM SPLITTER

  9. FLUOROSCOPIC DATA AQUSITION-DIGITAL SYSTEM ADC DAC

  10. FLUOROSCOPIC SYSTEMIMAGE INTENSIFIER

  11. CAMERA VIDEO SIGNAL - ANALOG

  12. I.I.

  13. INPUT OF I.I.

  14. OUTPUT OFI.I.

  15. ADVANTAGE OF DF OVER CONVENTIONAL I.I. FLUOROSCOPY • SPEED OF IMAGE ACQUISITION • POSTPROCESSING

  16. FLUOROSCOPY MATRIX

  17. PIXEL SIZE IMAGE INTENSIFIER SIZE / MATRIX

  18. DURING DF TUBE OPERATES IN RADIOGRAPHIC MODE( HIGH mA value)TUBE HEAT OVERLOAD!!!NO, BEACAUSE OF PULSED BEAM!!!PULSED PROGRESSIVE FLUOROSCOPY

  19. IMAGE ACQUSITION TIME ( CAPTURE) IN FLUORO 1/SEC TO 10/SEC

  20. TUBE INTERROGATION TIME • THE TIME REQUIRED FOR THE X-RAY TUBE TO BE SWITCHED ON

  21. EXTINCTION TIME • THE TIME REQUIRED FOR THE X-RAY TUBE TO BE SWITCHED OFF

  22. GENERATORS IN DIGITAL FLUOROSCOPY • THREE PHASE • HIGH FREQUENCY EXTINCTION TIME < 1 ms

  23. IN 1980 CCD REPLACED THE CAMERA IN VIDEO SYSTEM

  24. I.I. AND CCD LIGHT SIGNAL

  25. CCD SYSTEM ADVANTAGE OVER CAMERA SYSTEM • HIGH DQE • LOW LEVEL OF ELECTRONIC NOISE • HIGH SPATIAL RESOLUTION • NO LAG OR BLOOMING • NO MAINTENANCE • UNLIMITED LIFE • UNAFFECTED BY MAGNETIC FIELD • LINEAR RESPONSE • LOWER DOSE

  26. RESPONSE OF CCD- LINEAR

  27. FUTURE – CCD REPLACED BY SILICON PIXEL DETECTORS

  28. VIDEO SYSTEM IN DF • 525 LINE SYSTEM

  29. IMAGE FORMATION • TEMPORAL SUBTRACTION • ENERGY SUBTRACTION

  30. TEMPORAL SUBTRACTION • IMAGE OBTAINED AT ONE TIME IS SUBTRACTED FROM THE IMAGE OBTAINED AT THE LATER TIME

  31. ENERGY SUBTRACTION • USES TWO DIFFERENT X-RAY BEAMS ALTERNATELY TO PROVIDE A SUBTRACTION IMAGE RESULTING FROM DIFFERENCES IN PHOTOELECTRIC INTERACTION

  32. HYBRID SUBTRACTION TEMPORAL S. ENERGY S.

  33. TEMPORAL SUBTRACTION

  34. SUBTRACTION

  35. DOSE

  36. DIGITAL FLUOROSCOPY DOSE ½ OF THE CONVENTIONAL I.I. FLUOROSCOPY

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