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Russia's Eastern Expansion: From Romanov Dynasty to Qing Empire

Follow Russia's journey from the Romanov Dynasty to encounters with the Qing Empire, exploring Westernization, the Treaty of Nerchinsk, Ming to Qing transition, and the interactions with Japan during Tokugawa Shogunate. Discover how cultural differences, trade ambitions, and power shifts influenced these historical events.

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Russia's Eastern Expansion: From Romanov Dynasty to Qing Empire

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  1. RUSSIAN EMPIRE Russia had to go EAST for trade – oops! China! • Tsar from Russian aristocracy called boyars – Romanov Dynasty…PETER THE GREAT • “Grand Embassy” – go west to learn culture, manufacturing and military techniques (westernization) • Established St. Petersburg (war with Sweden) to gain Baltic coast and new govt. capital • Goal: merit not birth appointments

  2. RUSSIA GOES EAST • Runs into Qing in Mongolia and Central Asia • They need to find a solution: work with Jesuit interpreters for border, diplomacy & customs treaties • Treaty of Nerchinsk - Mongols couldn’t exploit the competition - Russia could go to Pacific (furs) Russia began to move into colonization and European-style empire – beyond land empire

  3. MING TO QING • Ming did not have Mongolia, Tibet…the end came w. natural disasters, technology lag, agriculture & population distress, migration, silver inflation, uprisings by tenant farmers • China did not become industrialized: 1. offended Confucian beliefs (merchants low) 2. Economy favored agriculture (industry taxes) 3. Defense of borders expensive

  4. QING • Manchus invaded – Qing Dynasty (openness) • Safe roads, lowered taxes, encouraged trade KANGXI :child emperor, isolated in Forbidden City Friends with Jesuits, peace w. Russia, expansion TRADE: wanted to control European trade…open 3 market cities & Europe had Canton England loved tea – wanted to expand trade and rectify trade imbalance (silver into China)

  5. QING • George Macartney sent for trade diplomacy • Refused to kowtow to emperor – sent home • China seen as “bad, despotic” – cultural differences! • Europe saw Russia as more like them – shifted power and status quo

  6. JAPAN • 1600’s Tokugawa Shogunate – peace! • Shoguns maintained castle town and warriors (samurai) – decentralized …better trade • Capital at Edo – (later Tokyo) • Shogun – daimyo (landholding samurai) – samurai – peasants – merchants* • Farmers heavily taxed…move to cities (urban) • Kabuki, haiku, noh, geisha

  7. JAPAN • Structured society, but Portugese shipwreck and European trade opened up more trade • Firearms replaced the sword • Francis Xavier brought Jesuits – Christians and Shoguns clashed after an uprising…Buddhism STOP THE SPREAD OF FOREIGN INFLUENCE • Became a closed country – 200 years closed to Europeans (Nagasaki remained open)

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