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TUBERCULOSIS

TUBERCULOSIS. WHAT IS IT? Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that typically affects the lungs but may infect any other organ of the body. It can be effectively treated with medications. WHO IS MOST AT RISK?

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TUBERCULOSIS

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  1. TUBERCULOSIS WHAT IS IT? Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that typically affects the lungs but may infect any other organ of the body. It can be effectively treated with medications. WHO IS MOST AT RISK? • Some groups at higher risk of developing active TB disease if they have been infected with TB bacteria include: • Migrants and refugees • Aboriginal people and Torres Strait Islanders • People living with HIV infection and AIDS • Alcoholics • Elderly people • People living in institutions • People living in overcrowded conditions • People with diabetes • Health professionals.

  2. CAUSES TB can only be passed from person to person when someone with active TB of the lungs coughs, sings, laughs or sneezes. People nearby may breathe in these bacteria and become infected. The bacteria can settle in the lungs and begin to grow. From there, they can move through the blood or lymphatic system to other parts of the body such as the kidney, spine and brain. However, only about 10% of people infected with TB develop ‘active’ TB disease that makes the person sick and causes symptoms.

  3. IMPACT ON THE BODY Active TB can have many negative effects on the body. Some of these include: • Having a persistent cough • Tiredness • Night sweats • Weight loss • Coughing up blood.

  4. One of the most serious, deadly diseases. By: Maya and Monique

  5. What is it? Human Immunodeficiency Virus causesAcquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome • HIV is a disease which is primarily transmitted through sexual intercourse, destroying a part of the immune system – defence system which fights infections. • AIDS is a disease in which there is a severe loss of the body's cellular immunity, greatly lowering the resistance to infection • No vaccine or cure for either.

  6. Causes • Having sex without a condom • Sharing needles and other injecting equipment • Blood transfusions and treatment with other blood products • From a mother who has HIV to a child – during pregnancy, birth or when breastfeeding. Both HIV and AIDS are mainly caused by High-risk behaviors

  7. Impact on the body • HIV attacks and kills crucial immune system cells, known as T-helper cells (kill cells that have been infected with germs). • Without T-helper cells many other immune system cells cannot not work properly. • A person infected with HIV may not show any symptoms for years. • Eventually, the numbers fall so low that the risk of infection greatly increases, and the symptoms of AIDS appear. You can get extra fat in the following places: • Abdomen • Breasts (both men and women) • Face

  8. Bibliography • http://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/bhcv2/bhcarticles.nsf/pages/HIV_and_AIDS • http://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/WhoAmI/FindOutMore/Yourbody/Whatdoesyourimmunesystemdo/WhatisAIDS/HowdoesHIVaffectthebody.aspx • http://aids.gov/hiv-aids-basics/just-diagnosed-with-hiv-aids/hiv-in-your-body/physical-changes/ • http://kidshealth.org/teen/infections/stds/std_hiv.html

  9. Hepatitis B & C

  10. Approximately 1 in 12 persons worldwide, or some 500 million people, are living with chronic viral hepatitis. Viral hepatitis is among the top 10 infectious disease killers and the leading cause of liver cancer and cirrhosis.

  11. What is Hepatitis B? Hepatitis B is a virus that infects the liver. Most adults who get hepatitis B have it for a short time and then get better. • What is Hepatitis C? Hepatitis C is an infectious disease affecting primarily the liver, caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV). The infection is often asymptomatic, but chronic infection can lead to scarring of the liver and ultimately to cirrhosis, which is generally apparent after many years. In some cases, those with cirrhosis will go on to develop liver failure, liver cancer or life-threatening oesophageal.

  12. Causes? • Causes of Hepatitis B? • Have sex with an infected person without using a condom. • Share needles (used for injecting drugs) with an infected person. • Get a tattoo or piercing with tools that were not cleaned well. • Share personal items like razors or toothbrushes with an infected person. • Causes of Hepatitis C? • Shared needles. HCV can also spread through sharing contaminated needles when injecting drugs. • Childbirth. A small number of babies born to mothers with hepatitis C acquire the infection during childbirth. • Sexual contact. In rare cases, HCV may be transmitted sexually.

  13. Impact of Hepatitis B • Chronic hepatitis B affects the health of the liver, causing long-term inflammation (more than six months) of the liver. Symptoms can subside; however, chronic inflammation can lead to liver failure or liver cancer. In some cases of chronic hepatitis B, patients may need antiviral medications to lessen the effect of the infection of the liver. In severe cases, end-stage liver disease occurs, and a liver transplant may be needed.

  14. Impact of Hepatitis C • Fever/ chills • Muscle/ body aches • Headaches • Fatigue • Depression • Anxiety • Insomnia • Dry mouth • Poor apatite • Nausea/ vomiting • Diarrhoea

  15. MEASELS BY Millie and Shakira

  16. What is measles? Measles are a highly contagious viral illness that causes a skin rash and fever. Complications with measles can be fatal, these complications include pneumonia and encephalitis. Measles is also known as rubeola, worldwide measles are the fifth highest cause of illness and death in children. Measles or rubeola is rare in Australia because of the widespread use of the measles vaccine. It is important to continue vaccinating Australian children against measles as it is highly contagious and can be brought into the country through people travelling from other countries.

  17. Measles Impact on the body Measles can impact on the body especially when complications may occur, such as: • Measles generally affects the respiratory system and ties up the immune system and inflames the lungs so that bacteria can easily invade and "super-infect" the lungs.  • In a small number of patients, the virus can take permanent rest in the brain and be awakened years later to cause re-infection and brain damage. This results in a condition called SSPE. • Subacute sclerosingpanencephalitis (SSPE) – occurs in about one in every 100,000 cases of measles. SSPE is an extremely rare progressive inflammation of the brain that causes loss of personality and intellectual disabilities. It usually begins about seven years after the measles infection. • Diarrhoea and vomiting – may cause further complications such as dehydration. • Respiratory infections – such as bronchitis, croup or laryngitis. • Pneumonia – a type of lung inflammation that causes about 60 per cent of measles deaths. • Encephalitis – or brain inflammation, affects about one person with measles in every 1000. About 10 to 15 per cent of patients with encephalitis die. About 15 to 40 per cent of survivors have permanent brain damage to varying degrees.

  18. Pictures Measles Down the throat

  19. Neurological Disorders • What is it? • Any disorder of the bodies nervous system. • Symptoms: • Muscle weakness • Poor coordination • Loss of senses • Pain • Confusion • Altered levels of consciousness Jason and BBJ

  20. Causes: • Although nerves in the brain lie deep under the skin, they are still susceptible to damage. • Genetic disorders, infections, lifestyle and environmental health problems, brain injury, spinal cord injury and nerve injury are all causes of Neurological diseases. • Under current testing procedures, no neurological cause can be identified until symptoms are present.

  21. Examples of neurological disorders • -Alzheimer's disease • - Autism • - Coma’s • - Dementia • - Dyslexia • - Epilepsy • - Febrile seizures • - Migraines Effect on the body: Both direct and indirect. Direct: Denervation (destruction) of muscles Indirect: Has an effect on feeding. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=skzIBvABTpY

  22. What is diarrhoeal disease • It is the condition of having three or more loose liquid bowl movements per day. • It is the 2nd leading cause of death in children under 5 years old. It is both preventable and treatable.

  23. Causes of Diarrhoeal • Infection/source- It is caused by a host of bacterial, viral and parasitic organisms which is spread by faeces-contaminated water. It is more common when there is a shortage of adequate sanitation, hygiene and clean water • Malnutrition- Makes them more vulnerable to diarrhoea. Each diarrhoeal episode makes their malnutrition worse. • Other causes- spread from person to person, contaminated food, poor personal hygiene, fish and seafood from polluted water.

  24. Impact on body • Malnutrition- By having diarrhoea it gets rid of all the food with essential nutrition in it. • Dehydration- It is the most severe threat posed by diarrhoea because of the loss of water and electrolytes through liquid faeces. There are three types of dehydration and they are: Early, moderate and severe

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