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Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis. By Daryn Green and Zoë Kallus. History. Sylvius: First to identify tubercules 17 th century (1679) Published in Opra Medica 1970: First breakout of MDR-TB 1993: TB is declared a global emergency 1995: outbreak in London HIV hospital Large Prevalence in Siberia.

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Tuberculosis

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  1. Tuberculosis By Daryn Green and Zoë Kallus

  2. History • Sylvius: First to identify tubercules • 17th century (1679) • Published in Opra Medica • 1970: First breakout of MDR-TB • 1993: TB is declared a global emergency • 1995: outbreak in London HIV hospital • Large Prevalence in Siberia

  3. Background Knowledge • Tuberculosis AKA TB • Has two different forms • Active • Latent • Mycobacterium tuberculosis • Bacillus (rod-shaped) • Slow moving

  4. Two Types of TB Latent Active Infected; with Symptoms Contagious • Infected; without Symptoms • Bacteria in body • Not Contagious • Signs of infection • Tuberculin skin test • TB blood test

  5. Symptoms • No Symptoms in the primary stage • Pulmonary stage • Coughing mucus and blood • Fever • Chest pains and Wheezing • Pus and Blood in Urine • Swollen/Tender Lymph nodes • Pleural effusion • Unusual breathing sounds • Start off in lungs and spread throughout the body

  6. How Does TB Attack the Body? • TB infects the bodies macrophages(WBC’s) • Normally macrophages engulf bacteria and release enzymes that destroy bacteria • TB secretes protein that targets protein in macrophage • TB hides and multiplies in macrophage • Macrophage is killed • Bacteria is released and spreads throughout body • Macrophages transport bacteria to lymph nodes • Can spread throughout body Tubercule in action -

  7. Treatment • In Primary stages (preventative therapy) • Medicine is given to attempt to kill bacteria • In Secondary stages • A regimen of four different drugs • Mainly isoniazed, rifampid, pyrazinamide, ethambutell • Taken for 6+ months • If not taken correctly, MDR-TB might occur

  8. How TB is Spread • Person to person • Airborne • Bacteria attaches to water droplets in air • NOT Vector borne

  9. Prevention • Cover mouth when sneezing and coughing • Take all medication • Vaccines • BCG: older vaccine; does not work on everyone • Isoniazid is used as preventive drug

  10. Multi-Drug Resistant TB • AKA MDR-TB • A mutated form of TB • Resistant to Isoniazid and Rifampicin • Caused by ineffective drug use

  11. Extensively Drug Resistant TB • AKA XDR-TB • Responds to even fewer medication • Of 650,000 cases of MDR-TB, 9% were XDR-TB

  12. Works Cited <www.who.int/en>

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