Chapter 6

1. Chapter 6 Marine Emergency Response

2. Review 1.Fill in the blanks with the proper terms learnt in the passage: 1) A release of a liquid petroleum hydrocarbon into the environment due to human activity and also a kind of pollution is ______________. 2) What is SOPEP? ___________________________________. 3) The floating oil on the surface of the sea water is often known as __________. 4) _____________ can increase as the oil spreads, due to the increased surface area of the slick. 5) Oils react chemically with oxygen either breaking down into soluble products or forming persistent compounds called tars. This process is called ______________. 6) That sea water contains a range of micro-organisms or microbes that can partially or completely degrade oil to water soluble compounds and eventually to carbon dioxide and water is the process of _____________________. 2. Read the text learnt. marine oil spill Shipboard Oil Pollution Emergency Plan oil slick Evaporation oxidation biodegradation

3. Part Three ： Oil Pollution Responding and Damage Control 水下堵漏作业 • Passage Two • Damage Control • 船损控制，损管， 损管堵漏作业 船体破损进水造成船舶倾斜 损管堵漏

4. Vocabulary • premise [pri5maiz] n.前提 • integrity [in5te^riti] n. 完善，完整（性） • puncture [5pQNktFE] vt.,vi. 刺穿，穿破，穿透 • squad [skwCd] n. 班，小队 • kit [kit] n. 衣物和装备；配套元件 • hostility [hCs5tiliti] n. 敌对状态；战争行动 • mission [5miFEn] n. 使命；任务 • plug [plQ^] n.（木）塞子 vt.以（塞子）塞住 • ultimate [5Qltimit] adj. 最大的，极限程度的 • square root 平方根 • realistical [riE5listikEl] adj. 现实(主义)的 • inflow [5inflEu] n. 流入 • member [5membE] n. 成员；[机]部件，构件；部分 • wreckage [5rekidV] n.（破损物）残骸，碎片

5. maul [mC:l] n. 大槌 • sledge [sledV] n.（= sledge hammer）[双手使用的]大锤 • heavy cold chisel 重型冷凿 • pinch bar 撬杆，尖头长杆 • air hammer 气锤 • bedding [5bediN] n. 卧具，寝具，铺盖 • hatchet [5hAtFit] n. 短柄小斧 • devise [di5vaiz] vt. 设计，发明，想出 • ingenuity [7indVi5nju:iti] n. 足智多谋；心灵手巧 • adverse [5AdvE:s ]adj. 不利的，有害的，恶劣的 • mounting [5mauntiN] n. 装备 • stiffener [5stifnE] n. 加强筋；防挠才 • stanchion [5stB:nFEn] n. 支柱

6. Passage Two： Damage Control • Damage control is based on the premise that the safety and life of a ship depends on watertight integrity. Here describes some emergency procedures that can be used in the event the ship's hull has been punctured and watertight integrity has been lost. The procedures described are emergency measures taken by the damage control team to maintain watertight integrity of the ship in the event of accident, collision, or grounding. • Damage Control Team 堵漏队，损管组 • 堵漏应急时，按照船舶应急分工，通常将人员分成四个队： • 堵漏队（Damage Control Team）、排水队（Discharging Team）、隔离队（Segregating Team）和救护队（Rescue Team）

7. Damage Control Program 损管程序 excess ['ekses] adj.超重的, 过量的; 额外的 [ik'ses] n.超过, 过多之量；过度, 过分 • If a ship’s hull is punctured, watertight integrity is lost. If enough water is allowed to enter the hull and is uncontrolled, the ship will sink. There is no such thing as a "little leak". Any size leak is a cause for alarm. Through damage control, this "leak" may be either stopped or reduced to a point where the ship’s pumps can control any excess water • Along with other emergency duties (fire and lifeboat), certain crew members are also assigned to an emergency squad or damage control team. This team may consist of the chief officer, an engineer, bosun, and two or more seamen and enginemen. There should be sufficient skills among the team members to perform the tasks required in an emergency. 与……一起；伴随； 和…一起，和…一道

8. ①Cf. In the event that + 从句 ②Syn.in the case of … hostility n. 战斗，对敌战，敌对行动 • Army vessels are authorized to carry specified damage control kits. These damage control kit items should be set aside and used only for their intended purpose. • In the event of fire, collision, grounding, or hostilities, one of the damage control team’s missions is to assist in maintaining the watertight integrity of the ship. Many ships have been lost because no real effort was made to save them. • When plugging leaks, the ultimate aim is to stop the leak permanently. The amount of water entering a vessel through a hole varies directly with the area of the hole and with the square root of its depth. Realistically, if you can reduce the flow of water by more than 50 percent, it is a job well done. Also, the ship’s pumps should be able to handle whatever water is left. It is important to put some kind of plug into any hole right away. 现实中，如果能将进水减少50%以上，那活就是干得很漂亮了。 平方根 立刻，马上

9. Damage control also consists of eithershoring up decks that are weakened orstrengthening bulkheads between flooded compartments. Although all damage control work is temporary, it must be strong enough to allow the ship to make it back to port safely. • 损管还包括支撑强度减弱的甲板和对进水舱的舱壁进行加强。 • The term "shoring" involves two phases: Stopping or reducing the inflow of water. • Bracing or shoring up the damaged or weakened members of the ship’s structure by transferring and spreading the pressures to other portions of the ship. • The first step in effective shoring is to clear the decks. Damage serious enough to produce a hole in the hull usually leaves wreckage scattered about the area. The damaged area should be cleared quickly to permit the damage control team to do a quick, adequate, and safe job. brace vt. 1.支住, 撑牢, 使绷紧 Eg. This strut braces the beam.这根柱子支撑横梁。 n.a structural member used to stiffen a framework支柱; 托架, 支架 Cf. shore shore n.撑木,支柱, 撑柱 vt. ①支撑，支持，用支柱撑住②使稳住,支撑(+up) Eg. We have to shore up the damaged bulkheads. 我们得用支柱撑住受损的舱壁。 ③用撑木堵，堵漏材料。 n. the remaining parts of something that has been wrecked; 残骸，碎片，漂浮物

10. 1）devil’s claw（螺旋）锚链擎 2）handy adj. 方便的 • Most loose wreckage can be removed by hand. At other times cutting and breaking are required. This requires the use of mauls, sledges, axes, heavy cold chisels, pinch bars, power drills, power chisels, and air hammers. • 大多数零散的碎片废物可以用手处理。有的时候，要求进行切割，砸碎。 • If fire accompanies the damage, burning bedding, stores, and supplies must be removed. A devil’s claw (a homemade long-handled rake device) made of steel is handy for this purpose. • 钢制的（螺旋）锚链擎（国产的长柄装置）用于此作业是很方便的。 • Shoring tools such as saws, 2-foot squares, hammers, and hatchets are stowed in the ship’s damage control locker. Additional equipment may be devised, limited only by the ingenuity of the ship’s crew. 2ft×2ft 方木

11. 1）more than once 不止一次 2）prove vi. (过去式proved，过去分词proved 或proven)证明是，表明是 prove (to be) + adj. improvise[‘ɪmprə,vaɪz] vt. & vi.临时制作, 临时凑成，临时准备 • Step two in shoring is speed. Seconds count, especially if there is a hole below the waterline. Each member of the damage control team must be able to think fast and improvise shoring with whatever material available. More than once, items such as life jackets, mattresses, pillows, and mess tables have proven to be satisfactory temporary shoring material. • 不止一次，像救生衣、床垫、枕头、餐厅的桌子等物件已经被证明是令人满意的临时堵漏材料。 • The third step is preparation. Only through regular drills can skills be developed that will enable each man to do a fast, effective shoring job under adverse conditions. A thorough training program should be established to train all crew members. Damage control lockers must be clean and orderly. All tools should be placed in secure mountings, yet be readily detachable. • 所有的工具都应该放在固定的套袋内，但必须易于拿出。 Only开头的句子要用倒装句

12. 1）warped, sprung, or bulged bulkhead弯曲、扭曲或凸出的舱壁 2）to force……back into place 使……强行恢复原位 定位板，强力背材 • Observe the following basic principles when shoring damaged or weakened members of a ship’s structure. • Spread the pressure. Make full use of strength members by anchoring shores against beams, stringers, frames, stiffeners, and stanchions. Place the legs of shoring against strongbacks at angles from 45° to 90°. • Plan shoring to hold the bulkhead as it is. Do not attempt to force a warped, sprung, or bulged bulkhead back into place. • Secure all shoring. Use nails and cleats to ensure that shoring will not work out of place. • Inspect shoring periodically. The motion of the ship often can produce new stresses that will cause even carefully placed shoring to work free. Inspect all shoring regularly, particularly when the ship is underway. 支柱 ……撑木不会挪动位置（错位） 将撑木的支柱以45 °到90 °的角度顶住强力背材

13. Brief Comment • Part Three：Passage Two ： Damage Control • 1. Terms concerned in shoring program and keep them in mind. • 2. Steps of shoring • Homework Assignment • 1.Review the whole chapter. • Prepare all the exercises. • Class is over! • Bye, boys!