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Origins of Ancient Americas: Migration, Societies, and Civilizations (20,000 B.C.E. - 900 C.E.)

Explore the fascinating early history of the Ancient Americas through migration patterns and the development of societies from 20,000 B.C.E. to 900 C.E. Discover how early hunters traversed land bridges and settled in regions like Central Mexico, where agriculture flourished with the cultivation of maize, beans, and squash. Learn about the rise of urban centers, chiefdoms, and complex civilizations such as the Olmecs and Mayans, who were known for their sophisticated mathematics, astronomy, and writing systems. Examine key factors leading to the decline of these advanced societies.

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Origins of Ancient Americas: Migration, Societies, and Civilizations (20,000 B.C.E. - 900 C.E.)

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  1. CHAPTER 6 ANCIENT AMERICAS

  2. ORIGINS • Migration • Land bridge • 20,000 B.C.E. - 8000 B.C.E. • Possibly 40,000 B.C.E.

  3. SOCIETY • Early hunters • Spread: 11,000 B.C.E. • Small groups

  4. CENTRAL MEXICO • 4000 B.C.E. • Maize, peppers, squash, beans

  5. Civilizations of Central and South America

  6. C. & S. AMERICA • Agriculture • Sedentary peoples • Villages of 100 to 200 • Gender division of labor

  7. SOCIETIES • Chiefdoms /States • Urban • Hierarchy • Cahokia • Up to 30,000 inhabitants

  8. OLMECS • Elite • Urbanism • Writing

  9. Mesoamerican Settlements

  10. MAYANS • S. Mexico, C. America • City-states • 50k + • Culture • Buildings • Math, atronomy • Written language

  11. MAYANS • Rulers • Religious, secular authority • Elite women • public positions

  12. MAYAN DECLINE • Decline between 700 and 900 C.E. • Causes? • Towns abandoned

  13. Andean Societies

  14. S. AMERICA • Early Developments • Farming villages 3000 and 2000 B.C.E. • Maize, potato • Writing, poetry • Irrigation

  15. Water Management

  16. ANDEAN LIFE • Ayllu • Common ancestor • Marriage within the kinship • Common property • Mutual obligations

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