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Understanding Biological Classification: Taxonomy and the Diversity of Life

To study the diversity of life, biologists employ a classification system that names and organizes organisms logically. This involves the use of scientific names in Latin and Greek to avoid confusion from common names that vary by region. The binomial nomenclature system distinguishes species with a two-part name, consisting of genus and species. Linnaeus's hierarchical system organizes life into seven levels: Species, Genus, Family, Order, Class, Phylum, and Kingdom, enabling a clearer understanding of biological relationships and characteristics among the diverse forms of life.

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Understanding Biological Classification: Taxonomy and the Diversity of Life

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  1. Classification 18.1 Finding Order in Diversity

  2. Why Classify? • To study the diversity of life, biologists use a classification system to name organisms and group them in a logical manner. • Taxonomy

  3. Assigning Scientific Names • Common names can be confusing and vary between regions. • Scientists agreed to use Latin and Greek when assigning scientific names to organisms. • This practice is still followed today as new organisms are discovered.

  4. Binomial Nomenclature • Two-word naming system used in differentiating a species • Genus species • A genus is a group of related species. • Ursusarctos • Ursusmaritimus

  5. Linnaeus's System of Classification • Includes seven levels- from smallest to largest • Species, Genus, Family, Order, Class, Phylum, Kingdom • Each level is called a taxon.

  6. Linnaeus's System of Classification • Family • Genera that share many characteristics • Ursidae • UrsidaeUrsusarctos • UrsidaeUrsusmaritimus • UrsidaeAiluropodamelanoleuca

  7. Linnaeus's System of Classification • Order • Broad taxanomic category composed of similar families • Carnivora • Canidae • Felidae • Ursidae

  8. Linnaeus's System of Classification • Class • Composed of similar orders • Mammalia • Includes animals that are warm blooded, have body hair, and produce milk for their young.

  9. Linnaeus's System of Classification • Phylum • Includes many different organisms that share important characteristics • Chordata • Mammalia • Aves • Reptilia • Amphibia • Several classes of fish

  10. Linnaeus's System of Classification • Kingdom • Largest and most inclusive level • Linnaeus started with only 2- Animals & Plants • Now, we recognize 6! • Plants, Animals, Protists, Fungi, Archaebacteria, Eubacteria.

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