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New Horizons: Plans for Nix and Hydra

For the entire team of Pluto Encounter Planners Cathy Olkin John Spencer Jeff Moore Hal Weaver Will Grundy Alan Stern Randy Gladstone Ivan Linscott Matt Hill Heather Elliot. New Horizons: Plans for Nix and Hydra.

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New Horizons: Plans for Nix and Hydra

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  1. For the entire team of Pluto Encounter PlannersCathy OlkinJohn SpencerJeff MooreHal WeaverWill Grundy Alan SternRandy GladstoneIvan LinscottMatt HillHeather Elliot... New Horizons: Plans for Nix and Hydra Leslie YoungNew Horizons Deputy Project Scientist303-546-6057 (USA)layoung@boulder.swri.edu

  2. Pluto-system Science Goals specified by NASA or added by New Horizons

  3. New Horizons trajectory Launch 19 Jan 2006 Jupiter System 28 Feb 2007 Pluto-Charon 14 July 2015 KBOs 2016-2020

  4. Hydra • S/C trajectory time ticks: 10 min • Occultation: center time • Position and lighting at Pluto C/A • Distance relative to body center Charon-Earth Occultation 14:20:09 Pluto-Earth Occultation 12:52:30 15:00 14:00 Charon Sun Earth 13:00 Pluto 0.24° Charon-Sun Occultation 14:17:50 12:00 Pluto-Sun Occultation 12:51:28 11:00 Charon C/A 12:04:00 29,432 km 13.87 km/s Nix New Horizons Trajectory Pluto C/A 11:50:00 13,695 km 13.78 km/s Orbit Period a Charon 6.4 d 19,571 km Nix 24.9 d 48,675 km Hydra 38.2 d 64,780 km New Horizons Pluto Encounter Geometry, 2015 July 14 12:04:2777,572 km 11:13:00 22,012 km The best dates for Nix and Hydra remote sensing were 2015 July 12-15.

  5. NH Spacecraft & Instruments 2.1 meters Radio Experiment High-Resolution Imager UV spectrometer Particle Detector Pan/color imager & IR imaging spectrometer Solar Wind Detector Student Dust Counter

  6. NH Spacecraft & Instruments 2.1 meters Radio Experiment 32 spatial x 1024 spectral pix, 0.3 deg/pixel, 46.5-118.1 nm High-Resolution Imager UV spectrometer 1024 x 1024 pix, 5 microradian/pixel 400-975 nm 5000xN pix, 20 microradian/pixel 4 colors, 400-975 nm Particle Detector Pan/color imager & IR imaging spectrometer 256x256 pix, 64 microradian/pixel R=240 - 560, 1.25-2.25 micron Solar Wind Detector Student Dust Counter

  7. MVIC's color bands:color slopes and high-resolution CH4 400-550 nm 780-975 nm 540-700 nm 860-910 nm

  8. LEISA's spectral range and expected species at Pluto and Charon Pluto Charon

  9. Color Infrared Ultraviolet Overview of Nix & Hydraobservations in encounter year (2015) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul OpNav/Orbit/Photom. OpNav/Orbit/Photom. OpNav/Orbit/Photom. Phasefunction Shape & Geology

  10. Color Infrared Ultraviolet Overview of Nix & Hydraobservations in encounter year (2015) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul OpNav/Orbit/Photom. OpNav/Orbit/Photom. OpNav/Orbit/Photom. Phasefunction Shape & Geology

  11. OpNav, Orbits & Lightcurves: Jan 25 - Mar 6 Jan 25 - Mar 6 (P-170 to P-130 days), observations every 2 days Observations start after New Horizons is visible after conjunction, and end to allow a possible spin up of the spacecraft (to save fuel and thruster usage). V = 16.4 to 15.9 (Hydra),V = 16.8 to 16.3 (Nix) LORRI 4x4 mode (20 µrad pixels), 10 second exposures. Resolution = 4050 to 3100 km per binned pixel Purpose •Initial confirmation of Nix and Hydra orbits •Orbits and lightcurves over 1.0 Hydra orbit, 1.6 Nix orbit Figure shows 44 binned pixels

  12. OpNav, Orbits & Lightcurves: April 5 - May 6 April 5 - May 6 (P-100 to P-60 days), observations every 2 days Observations timed to allow a possible spin up of the spacecraft (to save fuel and thruster usage). V = 14.8 to 14.2 (Hydra),V = 15.2 to 14.6 (Nix) LORRI 4x4 mode (20 µrad pixels), 10 second exposures. Resolution = 2400 to 14300 km per binned pixel Purpose •Improve Nix and Hydra orbits •Orbits and lightcurves over 1.0 Hydra orbit, 1.6 Nix orbit Figure shows 100 binned pixels

  13. OpNav, Orbits & Lightcurves: June 5 - July 13 June 5 - July 13 (P-39 to P-1.5 days), observations daily Begin after a possible spin up of the spacecraft. V = 13.2 to 3.8 (Hydra),V = 13.6 to 4.1 (Nix) LORRI 1x1 mode (5 µrad pixels), 0.10 - 0.15 second exposures. Resolution = 233 to 3 km per pixel Purpose •Improve Nix and Hydra orbits  - June 17 (P-27 d): Nix & Hydra transverse  - June 30 (P-14 d): Nix transverse  - July 6 (P-8 d): Nix radial & Hydra transverse  - July 11 (P-3 d): Nix transverse •Critical OpNav •Orbits and lightcurves over 1.0 Hydra orbit, 1.6 Nix orbit Figure shows 1024 unbinned pixels

  14. OpNav, Orbits & Lightcurves: June 5 - July 13 June 5 - July 13 (P-39 to P-1.5 days) Begin after a possible spin up of the spacecraft. V = 13.2 to 3.8 (Hydra),V = 13.6 to 4.1 (Nix) LORRI 1x1 mode (5 µrad pixels), 0.10 - 0.15 second exposures. Resolution = 233 to 3 km per pixel Purpose •Improve Nix and Hydra orbits  - June 17 (P-27 d): Nix & Hydra transverse  - June 30 (P-14 d): Nix transverse  - July 6 (P-8 d): Nix radial & Hydra transverse  - July 11 (P-3 d): Nix transverse •Critical OpNav •Orbits and lightcurves over 1.0 Hydra orbit, 1.6 Nix orbit Figure shows 1024 unbinned pixels

  15. OpNav, Orbits & Lightcurves: June 5 - July 13 June 5 - July 13 (P-39 to P-1.5 days) Begin after a possible spin up of the spacecraft. V = 13.2 to 3.8 (Hydra),V = 13.6 to 4.1 (Nix) LORRI 1x1 mode (5 µrad pixels), 0.10 - 0.15 second exposures. Resolution = 233 to 3 km per pixel Purpose •Improve Nix and Hydra orbits  - June 17 (P-27 d): Nix & Hydra transverse  - June 30 (P-14 d): Nix transverse  - July 6 (P-8 d): Nix radial & Hydra transverse  - July 11 (P-3 d): Nix transverse •Critical OpNav •Orbits and lightcurves over 1.0 Hydra orbit, 1.6 Nix orbit Figure shows 2048 unbinned pixels

  16. OpNav, Orbits & Lightcurves: June 5 - July 13 June 5 - July 13 (P-39 to P-1.5 days) Begin after a possible spin up of the spacecraft. V = 13.2 to 3.8 (Hydra),V = 13.6 to 4.1 (Nix) LORRI 1x1 mode (5 µrad pixels), 0.10 - 0.15 second exposures. Resolution = 233 to 3 km per pixel Purpose •Improve Nix and Hydra orbits  - June 17 (P-27 d): Nix & Hydra transverse  - June 30 (P-14 d): Nix transverse  - July 6 (P-8 d): Nix radial & Hydra transverse  - July 11 (P-3 d): Nix transverse •Critical OpNav •Orbits and lightcurves over 1.0 Hydra orbit, 1.6 Nix orbit Figure shows 4096 unbinned pixels

  17. OpNav, Orbits & Lightcurves: June 5 - July 13 June 5 - July 13 (P-39 to P-1.5 days) Begin after a possible spin up of the spacecraft. V = 13.2 to 3.8 (Hydra),V = 13.6 to 4.1 (Nix) LORRI 1x1 mode (5 µrad pixels), 0.10 - 0.15 second exposures. Resolution = 233 to 3 km per pixel Purpose •Improve Nix and Hydra orbits  - June 17 (P-27 d): Nix & Hydra transverse  - June 30 (P-14 d): Nix transverse  - July 6 (P-8 d): Nix radial & Hydra transverse  - July 11 (P-3 d): Nix transverse •Critical OpNav •Orbits and lightcurves over 1.0 Hydra orbit, 1.6 Nix orbit Figure shows 4096 unbinned pixels

  18. Shape, Geology, &Phase of Hydra June 30 - July 16 Hydra diameter = 47 - 167 km for albedo = 0.04 to 0.34. Hydra could subtend 2 pixels on June 30, for 14 days of resolved imagry. Observations are taken at least daily starting June 5. Figure shows 210 unbinned pixels

  19. Shape, Geology, &Phase of Nix July 2 - July 16 Nix diameter = 40 - 141 km for albedo = 0.04 to 0.34. Nix could subtend 2 pixels on July 2, for 11.5 days of resolved imagry. Observations are taken at least daily starting June 5. Figure shows 210 unbinned pixels

  20. Shape, Geology, &Phase of Nix Effect of Ephemeris Uncertainties The highest resolution image of Nix (0.3 km/pix) is at risk because the error ellipse is much larger than the LORRI field of view. This can be helped by Nix orbit refinement in the days before closest approach, and better Pluto-barycenter ephemeredes. The error ellipse at 0.5 km/pix is much smaller than the MVIC FOV.

  21. Summary of Observations New Horizons plan for Nix and Hydra

  22. Observations New Horizons won't makeof Nix and Hydra • Orbit and lightcurve measurements spanning several years • Direct thermal measurements (although H2O may give surface temperatures) • Color measurements over more than 3-25 days • IR measurements over more than 1-5 days • UV occultations

  23. For more information • APL's New Horizons site: http://pluto.jhuapl.edu/ • Boulder/SwRI New Horizons site: http://www.boulder.swri.edu/pkb/ • NASA's New Horizons site: http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/newhorizons/main/ • Various, Space Science Reviews 2008, volume 140 • Young and Stern 2009. Icy Bodies of the Solar System (IAU S263), To get involved • Contact Co-I's or instrument teams (see http://pluto.jhuapl.edu/mission/team.php) • New data or modeling can affect choices of "retargetables," with these decisions being finalized in early 2013. • Participating Scientist Programs in 2015 will introduce new members into the team • All data is archived in NASA's Planetary Data System (PDS) • Data Analysis Programs fund analysis of spacecraft data.

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