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Carboxylic Acids

Carboxylic Acids. By: Mica Blizzard Jeremy Nason. Structure. General Formula: O R-C-OH The carboxyl group is made up of a carbonyl (C=O) group and a hydroxyl (O-H) group. Nomenclature. The substituent “–COOH” is called “carboxy”

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Carboxylic Acids

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  1. Carboxylic Acids By: Mica Blizzard Jeremy Nason

  2. Structure • General Formula: O R-C-OH • The carboxyl group is made up of a carbonyl (C=O) group and a hydroxyl (O-H) group

  3. Nomenclature • The substituent “–COOH” is called “carboxy” • When naming carboxylic acids, you drop the “e” ending and add “oic acid” Ex: Hexanoicacid http://www.ivy-rose.co.uk/Chemistry/Organic/Naming-Carboxylic-Acids.php

  4. In ring compounds when there is one or more “-COOH”, you just name it the way you would name a cycloalkane but you also add “carboxylic acid” • Also note that the “–COOH” group is numbered one and the other substituents are numbered accordingly. Ex: cyclopentanecarboxylicacid http://www.chemsynthesis.com/base/chemical-structure-17568.html

  5. When a metal replaces the hydrogen, you name the metal and then change the name of the acid to an “oate” ending Ex: sodium benzoate http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sodium-benzoate-skeletal.png

  6. Common Names Formic (Methanoic) acid: Acetic (Ethanoic) acid: Malonic (Propanedioic) acid: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Formic-acid-2D.png http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Acetic-acid-2D-flat.png http://www.xula.edu/chemistry/documents/orgleclab/sample.html

  7. Propionic (Propoic) acid: Butyric (Butoic) acid: Benzoic (Butanedioic) acid: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Propionic_acid_flat_structure.png http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Butyric_acid_flat_structure.png http://chemicaloftheday.squarespace.com/todays-chemical/2010/4/26/benzoic-acid.html

  8. Properties • Higher melting and boiling points than analogous alcohols • Higher solubility in aqueous solution • They are dimers in gas and dimers or aggregates in liquid.

  9. Reactions Neutralization • When the bond between oxygen and hydrogen breaks, the electron pair stays with the oxygen atom, giving it a negative charge. • When you add water to a carboxylic acid, it neutralizes it. http://www.chemgapedia.de/vsengine/vlu/vsc/en/ch/12/oc/vlu_organik/c_acid/nomenklatur_und_strukt_carbons.vlu/Page/vsc/en/ch/12/oc/c_acid/s_b_cooh/s_b_cooh.vscml.html

  10. Ester Formation • A carboxylic acid and an alcohol form an ester and water. http://catalog.flatworldknowledge.com/bookhub/reader/2547?e=gob-ch15_s08

  11. Dimers • When a carboxylic acid is in an organic solvent, it forms dimers. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Carboxylic_acid_dimers.png

  12. Video • http://www.khanacademy.org/science/organic-chemistry/v/carboxylic-acid-naming

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