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Carboxylic Acids

Carboxylic Acids. Nomenclature Properties Preparation reactions Typical reactions Spectroscopy. Nomenclature. Carboxylic acids IUPAC Common Acid derivatives IUPAC Common. RCOOH Preparation Reactions. Oxidation of Primary Alcohols Oxidation of Aldehydes

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Carboxylic Acids

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  1. Carboxylic Acids Nomenclature Properties Preparation reactions Typical reactions Spectroscopy

  2. Nomenclature • Carboxylic acids • IUPAC • Common • Acid derivatives • IUPAC • Common

  3. RCOOH Preparation Reactions • Oxidation of Primary Alcohols • Oxidation of Aldehydes • Oxidation of Substituted Aromatics • Carbonation of Grignard reagents • Hydrolysis of Acid derivatives and Nitriles • Haloform reaction • Periodic acid Cleavage of Vicinal Dials/Diketones • Oxidative Cleavage of Alkenes/Alkynes

  4. Carboxylic Acids via Oxidation • From Primary Alcohols • From Aldehydes • From Substituted Aromatics

  5. Carbonation of Grignard Reagents

  6. Hydrolysis of Acid Derivatives and Nitriles

  7. Haloform Reaction Cleavage of methyl carbinols Cleavage of methyl carbonyls

  8. Periodic Acid Cleavage of Vicinal Dials/Diketones

  9. Oxidative Cleavage Reactions • Alkene Cleavage • Hot Potassium Permanganate • Alkyne Cleavage • Hot Potassium Permanganate • Ozonolysis

  10. Typical RCOOH reactions • Conversion to carboxylate salts • Conversion to acid halides • Conversion to esters • Conversion to amides • Conversion to anhydrides • Reduction to alcohols • Decarboxylation

  11. Carboxylates from Carboxylic Acids • Reaction with Active Metals • Reaction with Strong Base • Reaction with Weak Base

  12. Acid Chlorides from RCOOH • Reaction with Thionyl Chloride • Reaction with Phosphorus Trichloride • Reaction with Phosphorus Pentachloride

  13. Ester Formation • From Carboxylic Acids with ROH via mineral acid catalysis via the use of diazomethane • From Acid Chlorides • From Acid Anhydrides

  14. Amide Formation • Direct Conversion of Acids to Amides • From Acid Chlorides • From Acid Anhydrides • From Esters

  15. Acid Anhydride Formation • Via Dehydration of Carboxylic Acids • Via Reaction of RCOCl with RCOOH • Via Reaction of RCOCl with RCOONa

  16. Formation of Cyclic Anhydrides

  17. Reduction of Carboxylic Acids • Lithium Aluminum Hydride reduction • Diborane reduction

  18. Decarboxylation of RCOOH • Thermolysis of beta-diacids • Thermolysis of beta-keto acids

  19. Spectroscopy Infrared Pmr Cmr

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