Thursday Lecture – Fruits and Nuts of Temperate Regions II

1. Thursday Lecture – Fruits and Nuts of Temperate Regions II Reading: Textbook, Chapter 3

2. OPTIONAL ASSIGNMENT What are the tropics? - define and explain this term, especially as it applies to the factors that affect the growth of plants, including economically important ones. Due Tuesday, Feb. 8 - return as hard copy or by e-mail

7. Quiz • Fill in the blank. An ovule develops into a(n) _____ • An ovary develops into a(n) _____ • Which of the following is actually a berry: • strawberry • raspberry • blackberry • blueberry • cherry

8. Temperate Fruit & Nut Crops • Rosaceae – Rose Family • Apples, Pears, and Quinces • Plums, Cherries, Peaches, Apricots, Almonds • Strawberries, Raspberries, Blackberries • Blueberries & Cranberries • Grapes • Olives • Kiwi Fruit • Walnuts & Pecans • Pistachios See Tables 3.2, p. 55; Table 3.5, p. 62-63

9. Stone Fruits – Plums, Cherries, Peaches, Apricots

10. Stone Fruits – Cherries

11. Stone Fruits – Plums and Peaches Peach Plum

12. Berries that are not really berries Brambles – raspberries and blackberries Fruit = aggregate of small drupes (drupelets)

13. Berries that are not really berries Raspberry – receptacle stays behind when fruit detached Blackberry – receptacle detaches with fruit Black raspberry Blackberry Loganberry Boysenberry

14. Berries that are not really berries Strawberry - Fragaria See Fig. 3.8, p. 66

15. Berries that are not really berries Strawberry - Fragaria A polyploid origin involving both New and Old World. See Fig. 3.8, p. 66

16. Berries that are not really berries Strawberry - Fragaria A polyploid origin involving both New and Old World. Old World: woodland strawberry 2x See Fig. 3.8, p. 66

17. Berries that are not really berries Strawberry - Fragaria A polyploid origin involving both New and Old World. Old World: woodland strawberry 2x New World: North America 8x South America 8x See Fig. 3.8, p. 66

18. Berries that are not really berries Strawberry - Fragaria A polyploid origin involving both New and Old World. Old World: woodland strawberry 2x New World: North America 8x South America 8x New World species  Old World, hybridize in gardens See Fig. 3.8, p. 66

19. Berries that are not really berries Strawberry - Fragaria A polyploid origin involving both New and Old World. Old World: woodland strawberry 2x New World: North America 8x South America 8x New World species  Old World, hybridize in gardens  Fragaria x ananassa Garden strawberry See Fig. 3.8, p. 66

20. Blueberry Berries that are really Berries See Fig. 3.9, p. 67

21. Blueberry Berries that are really Berries See Fig. 3.9, p. 67 Cranberry

22. Another Popular Berry Flowers Grapes - Vitis See Fig. 3.11, p. 68 Vineyard grapes Muscadine grapes Table grapes

23. A Berry with an Accent See Fig. 3.14, p. 70 Kiwi Fruit – Actinidia deliciosa (original common name = Chinese gooseberry) Note: some individuals can be allergic to kiwi

24. Drupes Again See Fig. 3.12, p. 68 Olive – Olea europea

25. Walnuts Pecans Nuts to You See Fig. 3.15, 3.16, p. 70-71

26. See Figs. 3.17, 3.18, p. 72 More Nuts Chestnut - Castanea Hazelnut

27. Nuts that are not nuts Almond - Prunus Fig. 3.19, p. 73; Figs. 3.20, 3.21, p. 74 Pistachio – Pistacia vera

28. Tropical Fruits & Nuts

29. Citrus See Fig. 4.1, p. 79

30. Citrus fruit = hesperidium Hesperidium = special type of berry (name from the Hesperides, sisters in the garden of Hera, visited by Hercules)

31. Citrus Crops Citron – C. medica

32. Citrus Crops Citron – C. medica Grapefruit – C. paradisi (hybrid – C. maxima x C. sinensis)

33. Citrus Crops Citron – C. medica Grapefruit – C. paradisi (hybrid – C. maxima x C. sinensis) Lemon – C. limon (trihybrid – C. medica, C. maxima, other)

34. Citrus Crops Citron – C. medica Grapefruit – C. paradisi (hybrid – C. maxima x C. sinensis) Lemon – C. limon (trihybrid – C. medica, C. maxima, other) Lime – C. aurantifolia (trihybrid, like lemon)

35. Citrus Crops Citron – C. medica Grapefruit – C. paradisi (hybrid – C. maxima x C. sinensis) Lemon – C. limon (trihybrid – C. medica, C. maxima, other) Lime – C. aurantifolia (trihybrid, like lemon) Orange, bitter – C. aurantinum (C. reticulata x C. maxima) Orange, sweet – C. sinensis (C. reticulata x C. maximia)

36. Citrus Crops Citron – C. medica Grapefruit – C. paradisi (hybrid – C. maxima x C. sinensis) Lemon – C. limon (trihybrid – C. medica, C. maxima, other) Lime – C. aurantifolia (trihybrid, like lemon) Orange, bitter – C. aurantinum (C. reticulata x C. maxima) Orange, sweet – C. sinensis (C. reticulata x C. maximia) Pummelo – C. maxima

37. Citrus Crops Citron – C. medica Grapefruit – C. paradisi (hybrid – C. maxima x C. sinensis) Lemon – C. limon (trihybrid – C. medica, C. maxima, other) Lime – C. aurantifolia (trihybrid, like lemon) Orange, bitter – C. aurantinum (C. reticulata x C. maxima) Orange, sweet – C. sinensis (C. reticulata x C. maximia) Pummelo – C. maxima Tangerine, Mandarine, Clementine – C. reticulata

38. Citrus Crops Citron – C. medica Grapefruit – C. paradisi (hybrid – C. maxima x C. sinensis) Lemon – C. limon (trihybrid – C. medica, C. maxima, other) Lime – C. aurantifolia (trihybrid, like lemon) Orange, bitter – C. aurantinum (C. reticulata x C. maxima) Orange, sweet – C. sinensis (C. reticulata x C. maximia) Pummelo – C. maxima Tangerine, Mandarine, Clementine – C. reticulata Uglifruit – hybrid, C. paradisi x C. reticulata

39. Orangerie

40. Kumquat – Fortunella japonica and F. margarita

41. Yes, We Have No Bananas See Fig. 4.17, p. 94

42. Banana Republics Banana wars Strain European-US relations From "L'Italo Americano," March 11, 1999 GENEVA (AP) - The European Union has filed a complaint against the United States before the World Trade Organization, saying U.S. moves to impose sanctions in a dispute over bananas violate global trading rules. Wheat: 1300 lbs/acre Corn: 2,800 lbs/acre Bananas: 18,000 lbs/acre Late 19th-mid-20th century – U.S. Interventions in Central America 1990s – disputes over tariffs with World Trade Organization

43. Pineapples – The Multiple Fruit Ananas comosus - Bromeliaceae See Fig. 4.16, p. 93

44. Tuesday Lecture – Fruits and Nuts of Warm Regions Reading: Textbook, Chapter 4