One-Seg & Mobile broadcasting

1. One-Seg & Mobile broadcasting Masami Fujita Japan Broadcasting Corporation (NHK) Submission Date: July 8, 2008

2. Highlight of Current Activities (1) • Digital Terrestrial TV service in Japan • On December 1, 2003, Japan launched digital terrestrial television broadcasting (DTTB) using the Integrated Service Digital Broadcasting - Terrestrial (ISDB-T) transmission system. • ISDB-T is recommended in Rec. ITU-R BT.1306. • ISDB-T is robust transmission system because it uses OFDM and time interleaving. • One-Seg • One-segment services for handheld receivers (called “One-Seg”) can be provided simultaneously with one 6MHz TV channel, in addition to HDTV (or multi-channel SDTV). • On April 1, 2006, One-Seg services began in Japan. • More than 30 million One-Seg receivers have been shipped so far. • Various kinds of One-Seg receivers are available on the market. • One-Seg is provided free of charge. to slide 8,9

3. Highlight of Current Activities (2) • BST-OFDM technology • NHK developed the Band Segmented Transmission OFDM (BST-OFDM) technology for ISDB-T in 1996. • ISDB-T consists of 13 OFDM segments. • The system supports hierarchical transmissions of up to three layers, and parameters can be changed in each layers. • Typically we use two layers. One is a layer for HDTV with 12 segments using 64QAM, and the other is a layer for One-Seg with 1 segment using QPSK. • Example of Information bit rate is 16.85Mbps (for HDTV) and 416kbps (for One-Seg). • Features of One-Seg • Not only video & audio, but data, closed caption, and Electric Program Guide are transmitted in One-Seg. • One-Seg is a new medium that realizes the convergence of broadcasting & communications on the mobile terminal. to slide 10,11

4. Strategic Direction • Termination of Analog TV services • Plans call for digital terrestrial broadcasting to reach all homes in Japan by July 2011. • By July 2011, both analog terrestrial and satellite broadcasting are scheduled to be terminated. • At this point, Japan will have completed the transition to all-digital TV broadcasting. • Digital Radio • Digital terrestrial radio (DR) test transmission started in October 2003. • Programs are transmitted by the Digital Radio Promotion Association (DRP), a licensed broadcasting corporation run jointly by NHK, several commercial radio stations, etc. • DR uses a vacant VHF TV channel (CH-7) for the test transmission. • ISDB-TSB (Sound Broadcasting) transmission system is adopted for DR. to slide 12,13

5. Challenges • Recent topics in One-Seg • Independent program service It is possible to broadcast independent program service in One-Seg (non-simultaneous program to 12 segments) from April 2008 by legal changes. NTV started to broadcast independent One-Seg test service for sports programs. NHK announced the start of independent One-Seg service using educational channel from April 2009. • Multi-channel service in One-Seg It is possible to send up to 3 programs in One-Seg. TOKYO MX started 2 programs One-Seg service when they broadcast multi-channel service from June 2008. • Research & Development in One-Seg • NHK have been developing Connected One-Seg Re-transmission System. • NHK have been developing Automatic Activation of One-Seg Receivers by emergency warning broadcast system. (See slide 20,21)

6. Next Steps/Actions • VHF/UHF rearrangement after analog TV termination • Frequency bandwidth for terrestrial television will be reduced from 370MHz to 240MHz. • VHF Low (18MHz) & VHF High (14.5MHz) will be allocated for non-TV broadcasting services. (e.g., Multimedia broadcasting for mobile receivers) • Multimedia broadcasting for mobile receivers • There’s a chance to start new multimedia broadcasting services for mobile receivers with VHF Low & VHF High. • ISDB-TSB, ISDB-Tmm (Mobile Multimedia), etc are now under consideration for new services. • One-Seg, ISDB-TSB, and ISDB-Tmm are all ISDB-T family that introduce the BST-OFDM technology. (See slide 22) • VHF Low would be assigned for local services, and VHF High would be assigned for national services according to the report about the multimedia broadcasting. • The report said it is necessary to fix the industries that will provide new services by the middle of 2010 to start broadcasting after July 2011. • ARIB is now preparing for the new download services for multimedia broadcasting. to slide 14

7. Supplemental Slides

8. Number of receivers- Digital Terrestrial TV service in Japan / One-Seg - Number of receivers of Digital terrestrial broadcasting & Mobile phone with One-Seg tuner million More than 30,000 million One-seg receivers Japan Electronics and Information Technology Industries Association, etc Digital terrestrial broadcasting 12/2003 One-Seg service 4/2006 *1 Digital television + Terrestrial digital tuner + Cable digital STB ( Total number of Television: about 115 million, 7/2007 ) *2 Mobile phone with One-Seg tuner ( Total number of Mobile phone: 103 million, 4/2008 )

9. One-Seg receivers- Digital Terrestrial TV service in Japan / One-Seg - to slide 3 Car Navigators Mobile Phones PCs with One-Seg Portable Dictionary Portable Games USB type One-Seg tuners Portable Players (From Homepage)

10. 12 Segments & 1 Segment (ISDB-T) - BST-OFDM technology / Features of One-Seg - 13 Segments , Channel Bandwidth : 5.57MHz HDTV 12 Segments 12 Segs 1 Seg On-air program 1 Segment Data service (6/14 MHz) 64QAM FEC = 3/4 (16.851Mbps) QPSK FEC = 2/3 (416kbps)

11. Convergence of Broadcasting & Communications - BST-OFDM technology / Features of One-Seg - to slide 4 Broadcasting Convergence Communications Watch TV TV & Data TV & Internet Internet Broadcasting station Broadcasting station ＢＭＬ ＢＭＬ ＢＭＬ, HTML Watching TV program on full screen Watching TV program and reading data on TV Watching TV program and reading data on the Internet Viewing or reading on the Internet

12. Timeline of Digital Broadcasting services- Termination of Analog TV services / Digital Radio - 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 will be over 7/2011 Analog SD 12/2003 Terrestrial Digital One-Seg 4/2006 will be over 7/2011 Analog SD was over 10/2007 Satellite Analog HD Digital 12/2000 Test transmission Digital Radio 10/2003 24/7/2011

13. ISDB-TSB (Digital Radio)- Termination of Analog TV services / Digital Radio - 13 Segments , Channel Bandwidth : 5.57MHz ISDB-TSB (Sound Broadcasting) to slide 5 Digital Radio test transmission started from 10/2003 (8 segments, VHF 7ch) TS1 TS2 TS3 TS4 TS5 TS6 TS7 TS8 TS9 TS10 TS11 TS12 TS13 1 Seg 1 Segment ハイビジョン 3 Segments Video※ TS1 TS2 Data service QPSK FEC = 1/2 (330kbps) Image 1 & 3 Segments are used in ISDB-TSB ※NHK will start video services from July 2008

14. Rearrangement of VHF/UHF-VHF/UHF rearrangement after analog TV termination - 90-108MHz 1～3ch 170-222MHz 4～12ch 470-770MHz 13～62ch to slide 6 Now Analog TV Broadcasting Analog TV Broadcasting Analog TV Broadcasting Digital TV Broadcasting 18MHz 52MHz 300MHz 470-710MHz 13～52ch 715-725MHz 90-108MHz 170-202.5MHz 207.5-222MHz 730-770MHz Future Plan (1) (2) (1) Digital TV Broadcasting (3) (4) 18MHz 32.5MHz 14.5MHz 240MHz 10MHz 40MHz (VHF Low) (VHF High) GB 5MHz GB 5MHz （GB 5MHz） (1) Non TV Broadcasting => e.g., Multimedia broadcasting for mobile receivers (2) Private Telecommunication (Protection against disasters, etc) (3) Intelligent Transport Systems (4) Telecommunications Schedule plan (1) (2) after July 25, 2011 (3) (4) after July 25, 2012

15. Chipset of One-Seg receiver- One-Seg - Example of One-Seg receiver’s Chipset Dimensions 9mm×9mm×1.4mm Sensitivity -109.6dBm ～ -105.2dBm Power consumption 77mW ～ 105mW SHARP documents

16. 12 Segments & 1 Segment (ISDB-T) - BST-OFDM technology - Example parameters for digital terrestrial television broadcasting ※1 Example: Video (224kbps), Audio (55kbps), Data (80kbps), Closed caption (5kbps), EPG (20kbps), Control (32kbps) ※2 Spectral Band Replication

17. Configuration of Digital transmission - BST-OFDM technology - 12 segs 12 segs Source coding Channel coding 12 segs Video coding Video Audio coding Energy dispersal Delay compensation Byte interleave Inner code Bit interleave Mapping Audio Data/ EPG coding Data/EPG Layer synthesis & rate conversion Multiplexing Conditional Access TS Re-Mux Outer code (RS) Hierarchical separation Time interleave Frequency interleave 1 seg 1 seg Source coding Video coding Video Energy dispersal Delay compensation Byte interleave Inner code Bit interleave Mapping Audio coding Audio Data/ EPG coding Data/EPG 1 seg D/A Up converter Power Amp Antenna IFFT Guard interval addition Pilot OFDM frame configuration TMCC Aux channel

18. Digital Radio- Digital Radio - Tokyo area Osaka area 2.4kW 240W DRP homepage Digital Terrestrial Radio test transmission started in October 2003, using a vacant VHF TV channel (CH-7). Programs are transmitted by the Digital Radio Promotion Association (DRP), a licensed broadcasting corporation run jointly by NHK, several commercial radio stations in Tokyo and Osaka, and some new entrants into the digital radio market. Digital Radio receiver (KDDI) (About 1.8 million receivers, 6/2008)

19. Multi-channel service in One-Seg-Recent topics in One-Seg- One-Seg 1 One-Seg 2 TOKYO MX homepage

20. Connected One-Seg Re-transmission System-Research & Development in One-Seg - ・NHK developed a "connected One-Seg re-transmission system" that extracts One-Seg signals from the digital terrestrial broadcast-waves received from individual broadcasters and combines them into a single signal for re-transmission over a channel that is different from any of the receiving channels. ・A maximum of thirteen One-Seg signals can be re-transmitted. It will be possible to offer community broadcasting localized to a particular area for re-transmission, in addition to One-Seg services from every broadcaster. ch1 ch2 ch3 ch4 ch5 ch6 ch7 ch8 ISDB-T Air Frequency Combines only One-Seg signals aboveground underground Connected One-Seg re-transmission system Community One-Seg signals ch9-13 Re-transmission 6MHz Frequency ch6 ch8 ch9 ch10 ch11 ch12 ch13 ch5 ch3 ch4 ch7 ch1 ch2

21. Automatic Activation of One-Seg Receivers by EWS-Research & Development in One-Seg - ・The EWS (Emergency Warning broadcast System) automatically activates receivers when a disaster happens, such as an earthquake or Tsunami. ・NHK developed EWS compatible adaptor that can be connected to a One-Seg receiver. ・The low power consumption achieved by performing intermittent reception of the One-Seg activation flag, which is transmitted approximately every 0.2 seconds, showed the prospect of continuous standby operation for about two weeks without recharging. ・Among the 432 carriers used for One-Seg service, four carriers transmit the activation flag for emergency warning broadcasting. Increasing this to all four carriers, from the previously used two carriers that transmitted the activation flag signal, improved reception sensitivity without increasing power consumption. ・NHK will work toward the actual implementation of One-Seg and radio receiver with the EWS reception function. Prototype of EWS adaptor

22. ISDB-Tmm-Multimedia broadcasting for mobile receivers - ・ISDB-Tmm (Mobile Multimedia)is new multimedia broadcast method that is based on the ISDB-T international standard. ・The features of ISDB-Tmm is flexible structure of segments. ・It is possible to download the contents through the air. ・MMBP (MultiMedia Broadcasting Planning LLC) was created in December 2006 for the purpose of surveying and researching new mobile multimedia broadcast technologies and business models. MMBP started field testing of ISDB-Tmm in March 2008 using the Tokyo Tower. ISDB-T, ISDB-TSB, ISDB-Tmm Demonstration of ISDB-Tmm Impress AV Watch

23. Basic transmission parameters Basic transmission parameters for terrestrial digital television broadcasting

24. ARIB standards, ITU-R recommendations ARIB standards and ITU-R recommendations for ISDB-T

25. Example of data broadcasting in One-Seg “MobiTreasure” The emblem are hidden in a program Take the emblem into treasure box. 　　　　　　　　→ recorded to NVRAM Discover the emblem ! MobiTreasure is a treasure-hunt game that employs the most important feature of One-Seg services, i.e., seamless integration of data broadcasting and the Internet.

26. Example of mobile VOD using closed caption as metadata. (1) Search (2) Reading Example of mobile VOD through the internet using closed caption as metadata It enables users to search by keywords. Keywords “Pitch Shot” (3) Viewing User can view a video clip from the point he clicks. User can scroll through the text of program stories like a electric book.