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Diseases in the Home Vegetable Garden ID & Management

Diseases in the Home Vegetable Garden ID & Management. Kenny Seebold Department of Plant Pathology University of Kentucky. Environment. Pathogen. Time. Host. Managing Disease in Home Vegetable Gardens. Causal agent – the pathogen Favorable environment Susceptible host

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Diseases in the Home Vegetable Garden ID & Management

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  1. Diseases in the Home Vegetable GardenID & Management Kenny Seebold Department of Plant Pathology University of Kentucky

  2. Environment Pathogen Time Host Managing Disease in Home Vegetable Gardens • Causal agent – the pathogen • Favorable environment • Susceptible host • Use an integrated approach that affects one or more of these elements…

  3. Building an Integrated Disease Management Plan • Disease identification – proper diagnosis is a key factor in managing any disease. • Understand how the environment affects disease development in the garden. • Be familiar with all the tools available for disease management. Use these in combination for best effect…

  4. Diseases Caused by Bacteria

  5. Bean Brown Spot Blight Pseudomonas syringae

  6. Bacterial Wilt of Cucurbits Erwinia tracheiphila Control of cucumber beetle is critical factor for management

  7. Cucurbits Bacterial Wilt Diagnostic Test

  8. Yellow Vine Decline of Cucurbtis Serratiamarcescens Control of squash bug is key to management

  9. Black Rot of Crucifers Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris

  10. Bacterial SpotXanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria

  11. Bacterial SpeckPseudomonas syringaepv. tomato Can be confused with bacterial spot!!

  12. Bacterial CankerClavibacter michigensis subsp. michiganensis Marginal leaf burn (firing)

  13. Bacterial Canker Cankers on stem

  14. Bacterial Streaming

  15. Bacterial Canker Bird’s eye spots on fruit

  16. Management of Bacterial Diseases in the Garden • Prevention is critical • Resistance – pepper only • Sanitation • Remove and destroy diseased plants • Sanitize tools, stakes, etc. • Don’t handle plants if foliage is wet • Control weeds • Use pathogen-free seeds and transplants • Hot-water treatment or bleach soak • Heirlooms particularly at risk… • If watering overhead, do so early; don’t over-water • Fixed copper + Maneb/Mancozeb(1.5-3 lb/A): 5– 7 day intervals

  17. Diseases Caused by Fungi

  18. Damping-offPythium spp., Rhizoctonia solani Rhizoctonia Pythium • Management • Use treated seed • Plant into well-drained, warm soils • Keep soil within recommended limits for pH and fertility • Don’t exceed recommended seeding depth • Remove or incorporate crop residue Snap bean

  19. Bean Anthracnose Glomerella lindemuthianum • Management • 2-3 year rotation • Use treated seed • Mulch to reduce soil / water splash • Remove or incorporate crop residue

  20. Tomato Pumpkin Pumpkin Pumpkin Powdery MildewOidium spp.

  21. Management of Powdery Mildew • Rotation will not help • Plant resistant cultivars • May not be available for some crops • Promote air movement (increase plant spacing) • Fungicides • Sulfur • Potassium bicarbonate

  22. Downy Mildew of Cucurbits

  23. Management of Downy Mildew • Rotation will not help • Plant resistant cultivars • Cucumber primarily • Promote air movement (increase plant spacing) • Fungicides (preventive use or at 1st signs of disease) • EBDC • Chlorothalonil

  24. Gummy Stem Blight(Black Rot)Didymella bryoniae Watermelon Cantaloupe Pumpkin Cucumber

  25. Gummy Stem BlightManagement • Crop rotation / deep turning of crop residue • No acceptable resistance in cultivars of watermelon, pumpkin, or cantaloupe • Fungicides • Chlorothalonil • EBDC’s (Dithane DF, Maneb)

  26. Fusarium WiltF. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici • Management • Use resistant varieties • Rotate to non-host (4-6 years in infested fields) • Remove crop debris & destroy

  27. Southern BlightSclerotium rolfsii Whole-plant wilting Sclerotia, mycelium, & stem canker • Management • Rotation / deep-turn soil • Increase plant spacing • Remove diseased plants & destroy • Remove organic debris around plants • Physical barriers

  28. Physical barriers Southern blight of tomato

  29. Early BlightAlternaria solani • Management • Rotation / deep-turn soil • Plant resistant varieties / disease-free seeds & plants • Mulch around plants to minimize splashing • Avoid overhead irrigation / water early in day • Remove crop residue and destroy between crops • Control weeds in garden • Fungicides (chlorothalonil / mancozeb / maneb)

  30. Septoria Leaf Spot / BlightSeptoria lycopersici • Management • Rotation / deep-turn soil • Use disease-free seeds and transplants • Mulch around plants to minimize splashing • Avoid overhead irrigation / water early in day • Remove crop residue and destroy between crops • Control weeds in garden • Fungicides (chlorothalonil / mancozeb / maneb)

  31. Anthracnose (Ripe Rot)Colletotrichum spp. • Management • Rotation / deep-turn soil • Use disease-free seeds & plants • Mulch around plants to minimize splashing • Avoid overhead irrigation / water early in day • Remove crop residue and destroy between crops • Control weeds in garden • Fungicides (before fruit ripen) - chlorothalonil

  32. Photo: APS Tomato Walnut Wilt Juglone (toxic substance excreted from walnut tree roots)

  33. Tomato Blossom End Rot (Ca deficiency)

  34. Diseases Caused by Viruses

  35. Foliar symptoms Dieback symptoms Bean Yellow Mosaic BYMV

  36. Squash Mosaic

  37. Squash Mosaic

  38. Cucurbits Watermelon Mosaic Virus 2 Fruit symptoms Foliar symptoms

  39. Aphid-transmitted Plant early – before vector populations build Control weeds Reflective mulches? Trap crops Aphid-Transmitted Viruses

  40. Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus

  41. Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus

  42. Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus • Transmitted by thripspersistently • Removing infected plants doesn’t help • Controlling insects doesn’t really help • Reflective mulches (mirror mulch) helps • Barriers around individual plants helps • Resistant varieties available (quality??)

  43. Spraying Home Vegetables • As with other practices, don’t rely solely on chemicals to manage disease! • Timely applications are critical • Apply before symptoms appear OR at first signs • Maintain a regular schedule • Safety & protective clothing • Re-Entry Interval after spraying • Home gardens exempt from worker protection standards • Suggest that you stay out of sprayed areas for at least 12 hours and until pesticides are dry • Choices of active ingredient are limited…

  44. Captan: broad-spectrum seed treatment (protectant Hi-Yield Captan 50%WP Chlorothalonil: broad-spectrum fungicide (protectant) Bonide Fung-onil Dragon Daconil 2787 Hi-Yield Home and Garden Fungicide Ortho Daconil 2787 Ortho Garden Disease Control Copper compounds*: bactericide / broad-spectrum fungicide (protectant) Acme Bordeaux Mixture Hi-Yield Bordeaux Mixture Bonide Dragoon Dust Dragon Copper Fungicide Hi-Yield Copper Fungicide Fungicides for Home Vegetable GardensConventional Products

  45. Mancozeb / maneb: broad-spectrum fungicide (protectant) Bonide Mancozeb Flowable Dithane Hi-Yield Maneb Garden Fungicide Sulfur*: powdery mildew / miticide (protectant) Dusting sulfur (various brands) Wettable sulfur (various brands) Fungicides for Home Vegetable GardensConventional Products

  46. Bacillus subtilis:broad-spectrum fungicide Serenade Garden Disease Control Bordeaux mixture Botanicals Fungastop: broad spectrum citrus/mint oil Garlic GP Vegetable and Garden spray Neem oil: broad spectrum fungicide / insecticide Garden Defense Multi-Purpose spray Garden Safe Fungicide3 Ferti-lome Rose, Flower, & Vegetable Spray Safer 3-in-1 Garden Spray Fungicides for Home Vegetable Gardens‘Soft’ Chemistries / Organic

  47. Copper compounds Potassium bicarbonate: powdery mildew Bi-Carb Old Fashioned Fungicide EcoMate Armicarb “O” GreenCure Organic Fungicide Kaligreen Sulfur*: powdery mildew / miticide (protectant) Fungicides for Home Vegetable Gardens‘Soft’ Chemistries / Organic

  48. Mixing Small Quantities of Pesticides(from ID-128)

  49. Home Vegetable Garden Resources • County Extension Offices • ANR and Hort. Agents • Short Courses, demonstrations, Master Gardener programs • Publications • Video Tapes & DVDs • Soil Tests • Plant Disease Diagnostic Labs (Lex. & Princeton) • Disease, Insect, Weed ID and control • Web Resources • KY Pest News • http://www.uky.edu/Ag/kpn/kpnhome.htm • ID-128 (Home Vegetable Gardening in KY) • http://www.ca.uky.edu/agc/pubs/id/id128/id128.htm • Plant Pathology Dept. • http://www.ca.uky.edu/agcollege/plantpathology/index.html • Hort. Dept. • http://www.ukyu.edu/Ag/Horticulture • Garden Data • http://www.gardendata.org

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