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SNC 4M Exam Review By: Luke Kenny, Sammy Gourdier & Monique Caron

SNC 4M Exam Review By: Luke Kenny, Sammy Gourdier & Monique Caron. Medical Technologies. Pathogens/ Disease. Science & Public Health. Nutritional Science. Biotechnology. 100. 100. 100. 100. 100. 200. 200. 200. 200. 200. 300. 300. 300. 300. 300. 400. 400. 400. 400. 400.

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SNC 4M Exam Review By: Luke Kenny, Sammy Gourdier & Monique Caron

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  1. SNC 4M Exam Review By: Luke Kenny, Sammy Gourdier & Monique Caron

  2. Medical Technologies Pathogens/ Disease Science & Public Health Nutritional Science Biotechnology 100 100 100 100 100 200 200 200 200 200 300 300 300 300 300 400 400 400 400 400 500 500 500 500 500

  3. Medical Technologies– 100 Points • QUESTION: • Who is considered to be the first plastic surgeon? • ANSWER: • Sushruta

  4. Medical Technologies– 200 Points • QUESTION: • Explain what a vital sign is and give one example. Also give the “normal” measurement for a teenager for the example. • ANSWER: • A vital sign is a sign that is used to prove that the person is alive. If they are out of their normal range, it could signify that a problem has or is about to occur. An example is blood pressure: 115/70mmHg, heart rate: 80-100bpm, body temperature: 37degrees or breathing rate12-30bpm.

  5. Medical Technologies– 300 Points • QUESTION: • Explain the difference between a high-risk medical device and a low-risk medical device with an example for each. • ANSWER: • A high-risk medical device is a medical device that could severely injure/kill a patient if used improperly. Ex incubator, anesthesia ventilators, oxygen tanks, or diffibulater… A low-risk medical device is a medical device that can only slightly injure a patient if used improperly. Ex thermometer or breast pump…

  6. Medical Technologies– 400 Points • QUESTION: • Explain what an assistive device is and name one example. • ANSWER: • An assistive device is any medical device that improves the treatment of a patient or improves their condition of life. An example is a walker, an insulin pump…

  7. Medical Technologies– 500 Points • QUESTION: • Explain the path that blood takes through the circulatory system or the path air takes through the respiratory system. • ANSWER: • Blood: Capillaries in the brainveinssuperior vena cavaright atriumright ventriclepulmonary arterylungs(exchanges carbon dioxide for oxygen gas)pulmonary veinleft atriumleft ventricleaortaarteriesback to capillaries • Air: Mouth/nosepharynxlarynxtracheabronchibronchiolesalveoli

  8. Pathogens/Disease– 100 Points • QUESTION: • Explain the difference between a prevention and reactionary measure and provide one example for each? • ANSWER: • Preventative measures are ways to prevent pathogens from spreading. Ex/ vaccines, hand sanitizers • Reactionary measures are things to do once already infected by a pathogen. Ex/ antibiotics, antifungals

  9. Pathogens/Disease– 200 Points • QUESTION: • Name the 3 lines of defense a pathogen must defeat to cause illness. • ANSWER: • Skin and mucus membranes • Non-specific immune responses • Specific immune responses

  10. Pathogens/Disease– 300 Points • QUESTION: • Name 3 ways which the Germ Theory impacted Current Public Health Measures. • ANSWER: • The Three ways The Germ Theory impacted Current Public Health Measures are: • Regular Sanitation Practices • Hospital Preventative Measures • Preventative Vaccinations

  11. Pathogens/Disease– 400 Points • QUESTION: • What is a endemic, epidemic and a pandemic? Name an example of an area would each of these occur? • ANSWER: • A endemic disease is a common disease which spreads over a specific population. Ex/ Holy Cross • A epidemic is when an endemic disease becomes more frequent in a given area or time than expected. Ex/ Kingston and area • A pandemic is made up of epidemic diseases which has spread to a very large area. Ex/ North America

  12. Pathogens/Disease– 500 Points • QUESTION: • Name the 5 ways where a pathogen may try to enter the human body and how it does so? • ANSWER: • The skin (through a cut) • Airborne (nasal or mouth passage) • Waterborne/Foodborne (through swallowing liquid or food) • Mucous Membranes (Dirty fingers entering nose, vagina. etc) • Ears/Eyes (Blood, vomit, urine, tears, saliva)

  13. Science & Public Health– 100 Points • QUESTION: • Explain what a susceptible population is, give two examples of a susceptible population, and explain the factors to why they are susceptible. • ANSWER: • Susceptible population: a population that is overly affected by a certain pathogen or illness/disease. • Native Canadians are a susceptible population due to cultural and social beliefs. They may isolate them from their non-native neighbors and from other communities and public health services • Sub-Saharan Africans are susceptible due to poverty level. The tropical environment allows for a greater number of pathogens to exist and reproduce

  14. Science & Public Health– 200 Points • QUESTION: • What is one current threat to public health? Explain what it is. • ANSWER: • HIV/AIDS- AIDS is caused by the pathogen HIV • Can be prevented from abstinence or condoms, not using any intravenus drugs • No cure, mortality rate is 100% • Patients don’t actually die of aids, they die of something that affects them because of the weakened immune system caused by aids • 2) C.Difficile- superbug in our intestines, overpopulate and drive helpful bacteria out • symptoms: abdominal pain and diharrea • Can be fatal • Treated by antibiotics if serious • 3) Swine Flu- mutant offshoot of Influenza A • symptoms: sore throat, cough, high fever • Prevented by sanitary practices • Treated by antivirals

  15. Science & Public Health– 300 Points • QUESTION: • What are the two types of Mosquito netting and explain one explain one organization that prevents insect borne illnesses. • ANSWER: • Mosquito nets are used to protect against mosquitos and other tiny biting insects. • Insecticide Treated Nets (ITNs): 2x more protective than untreated nets, up to 70% greater protection than no net. • Long lasting Insecticide Treated Nets (LLINs): will give off insecticide for up to 5 yrs • Buy a Net- a Kingston based non-profit organization that raises money to send nets and anti-malaria medicines to African countries free of charge

  16. Science & Public Health– 400 Points • QUESTION: • What are the three public health agencies Kingston is involved in? • ANSWER: • 1) KFL&A Health Unit- provides information on health issues for the Kingston area. • 2) Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care provincial public health unit. Keeps track of health issues affecting Ontarians. • 3) Health Canada- national public health unit. Looks after health issues affecting Canadians.

  17. Science & Public Health– 500 Points • QUESTION: • What is a safe injection site and who are they used by? Give one benefit and one downfall to them. • ANSWER: • A safe injection site is a legally sanctioned and supervised facility which is designed to reduce the health risk associated with taking illegal drugs intravenously (i.e. heroin). • Benefit: Has reduced the amount of needle sharing, and help prevent infections/diseases like AIDS • Downfall: It supports the habits of drug users and makes it easier for them to do the drugs without fear of getting caught by the police

  18. Nutritional Science– 100 Points • QUESTION: • Which elements must a organic compound have? • ANSWER: • Carbon and Hydrogen

  19. Nutritional Science– 200 Points • QUESTION: • Define “Ingestion” and “Digestion” • ANSWER: • Ingestion: the placement of a food source into the mouth • Digestion: The breakdown of food into nutrients

  20. Nutritional Science– 300 Points • QUESTION: • State the four food groups and provide and example of each • ANSWER: • Fruits and vegetables • Wheat and grains • Meat and alternatives • Dairy

  21. Nutritional Science– 400 Points • QUESTION: • Define and state the difference between Physical and Chemical Digestion • ANSWER: • Physical: occurs in the mouth and is when teeth grind up the food physically • Chemical: Occurs in the stomach and is when the acidic gastric juices mix together with the food to break it down.

  22. Nutritional Science– 500 Points • QUESTION: • State the five parts of the digestive system and give a brief description of each part. • ANSWER: • Esophagus: muscular tube connected to the stomach that moves food with contractions • Stomach: muscular pouch that churns the food with gastric juices • Small Intestine: duodenum (insulin), jujenum (absorption), Ileum (compacting). • Large Intestine: The absorption of water and minerals occurs. • Rectum/Anus: Rectum stores the waste and the anus releases it.

  23. Biotechnology– 100 Points • QUESTION: • Name one type of biotechnology and provide an example • ANSWER: • Agricultural biotechnology. Ex/ Micropropagation

  24. Biotechnology– 200 Points • QUESTION: • State the four “Colors” of Biotechnology and their purpose. • ANSWER: • Red Biotechnology: Medical Biotechnology • Blue Biotechnology: Marine/Aquatic Biotechnology applications • Green Biotechnology: Agricultural Biotechnology • White: Industrial Biotechnology

  25. Biotechnology– 300 Points • QUESTION: • Describe the shape of DNA and the two bonds which hold it together. • ANSWER: • DNA is a double helix, where 2 nucleotide strands nun anti-parallel to each other. The nucleotides are held together by phosphodiester bonds and hydrogen bonds.

  26. Biotechnology– 400 Points • QUESTION: • Name and explain the three types of Genetic Engineering. • ANSWER: • Close Transfer: Taking a gene from one plant species and inserting it into another plant species of the same kingdom. • Distant Transfer: Taking a gene from one plant species and inserting it into another plant species of a different kingdom. • Tweaking: When genes that already exist are tweaked to change the level at which a particular protein is made.

  27. Biotechnology– 500 Points • QUESTION: • Part A: • List and define the two types of cloning which are currently in research? • Part B: • List and define the type of cloning which is currently being worked on? • ANSWER: • Part A: • Therapeutic Cloning- the use of stem cells for medicinal or research purposes • Reproductive Cloning- using stem cells to create cloned humans • Part B: • Replacement Cloning- The replacement of an extensively damaged, failed or failing body through cloning followed by whole or partial brain transplant

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