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WWII

WWII. Internment in America. What is “internment”?.

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WWII

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  1. WWII Internment in America

  2. What is “internment”? • The Japanese American internment refers to the exclusion and subsequent removal of approximately 112,000 to 120,000 Japanese and Japanese Americans to constructed housing facilities called War Relocation Camps in remote portions of the nation’s interior.

  3. Why learning about the Japanese internment is important. • To gain an understanding of prejudice, discrimination and stereotypes • To learn about civil rights and citizenship • Develop a sense of empathy for the situations the internees faced • Realize the impact of the internment experience on the Japanese American family and individuals • Become aware of what took place during the Japanese American internment

  4. It Begins • After the bombing of Pearl Harbor in 1941, hysteria about an invasion of North America escalated. Because so many Japanese and Japanese Americans lived on the west coast, it was the area most effected by removal.

  5. Civilian Exclusion Order 53 • This order was posted and was intended to inform persons of Japanese ancestry to “evacuate the above area by 12 o’clock noon, PWT, Wednesday, May 13,1942”. It was posted on May 7, only six days prior to the forced evacuation.

  6. In process of removal • As stated in Executive Order 9066, detainees could only take with them what they could carry. They did not know where they were being sent, and often times were ill-prepared for weather or other conditions.

  7. Locations Camps were located in the following areas • Manzanar War Relocation Center • Tule Lake War Relocation Center • Heart Mountain War Relocation Center • Minidoka War Relocation Center • Topaz War Relocation Center • Poston War Relocation Center • Gila River War Relocation Center • Granada War Relocation Center • Rohwer War Relocation Center • Jerome War Location Center

  8. Conditions- “the barracks” • According to a 1943 War Relocation Authority report, internees were housed in “tar paper-covered barracks of simple frame construction without plumbing or cooking facilities of any kind.”

  9. Conditions…continued • Kitchen and restroom facilities could be up to a block away. These facilities were usually shared with 50 -100 people living in each block of buildings. • Breakfast was at 7 a.m. sharp and consisted of powdered eggs and milk or oatmeal. If it was missed there would be no food served until noon. • Families were housed in one room with only cots to sleep on.

  10. Life in the camp and after • Many prisoners were told they were relocated for their own protection, yet the gun towers faced inward and armed guards watched their every move. • There are documented cases of internees being shot for walking outside the fences. • However, some administrators eventually allowed some free movement outside the boundaries of the camps. • After the war many Japanese Americans were not allowed to return to “exclusion” zones, and were forced to live and work elsewhere in the US.

  11. Aftermath The US government officially apologized for this action in the 1980’s and paid reparations to internees. Camp survivors were in their late sixties or seventies by this time.

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