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Chapter 12: Families. Child Care: Who’s Watching the Kids?. Kati Tumaneng (For Drs. Cook and Cook). Child Care: Who’s Watching the Kids?. Nonparental child care – Care provided for a child by someone other than the child’s parents. Children often cared for by relatives or family friends.
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Chapter 12: Families Child Care: Who’s Watching the Kids? Kati Tumaneng (For Drs. Cook and Cook)
Child Care: Who’s Watching the Kids? • Nonparental child care – Care provided for a child by someone other than the child’s parents. • Children often cared for by relatives or family friends. • Increasingly, child care providers are nonrelatives. Child Care Resource: http://www.daycare.com/index.html
The Effects of Nonparental Child Care • No clear-cut answers about effects of nonparental care. • Daycare by itself does not affect attachment (Lamb, 1998). • Attachment security found to be lower when low levels of maternal sensitivity combined with other risk factors such as poor quality child care, greater amounts of child care, or lack of stability in care arrangements (NICHD Early Child Care Research Network, 1997, 2001). NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (SECCYD): http://www.nichd.nih.gov/od/secc/index.htm
Changes in Child-Care Arrangements since 1965 (Hofferth, 1996; Smith, 2000)
The Effects of Nonparental Child Care • Quality of care provided is important mediating factor in social interaction skills. • No clear answer about relationship of early or extensive care to behavior problems. • Family and child background characteristics interact with child-care factors in determining effects on cognitive competence. Adult Achievement: http://www.courses.psu.edu/hd_fs/hd_fs597_rxj9/day_care.htm
The Quality Question • The quality of care affects many of the outcomes of nonparental child care. • Structural quality – The quality of objective aspects of the child-care environment. • Process quality – The quality of the actual experiences children have in the child care. • Majority of child-care arrangements in US do not appear to be of high or even good quality.
Quality of Center-Based Child Care (Helburn & Howes, 1996; Kontos et al., 1995)
Latchkey Kids: Children Caring for Themselves • Latchkey kids – School-age children who have no adult supervision during the hours after school and before their parents get home from work. • More common for boys, older children, and upper-income white families (Lamb, 1998; Vandell & Shumow, 1999). • Less research available, but effects depend on type of self-care, age of child, time spent, and family and neighborhood characteristics. • Child readiness for self-care depends on cognitive and emotional maturity and on characteristics of the neighborhood. Latchkey Kids Resources: http://www.vachss.com/help_text/latchkey_kids.html
Picture on Slide 2: from Cook, J. L., & Cook, G. (2005). Child development: Principles and perspectives (1st ed.) (p. 497). Boston: Allyn and Bacon. • Graph on Slide : from Cook, J. L., & Cook, G. (2005). Child development: Principles and perspectives (1st ed.) (p. 496). Boston: Allyn and Bacon. • Graph on Slide 8: from Cook, J. L., & Cook, G. (2005). Child development: Principles and perspectives (1st ed.) (p. 501). Boston: Allyn and Bacon. • All other images retrieved from Microsoft PowerPoint Clip Art.
