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The Peloponnesian Wars & Alexander the Great

The Peloponnesian Wars & Alexander the Great. Cleaning Up. Spartans try to keep Athens from building back. After Xerxes leaves, the Greeks still have Persians on Aegean islands and in Ionia that they have to clear out.

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The Peloponnesian Wars & Alexander the Great

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  1. The Peloponnesian Wars & Alexander the Great

  2. Cleaning Up • Spartans try to keep Athens from building back. • After Xerxes leaves, the Greeks still have Persians on Aegean islands and in Ionia that they have to clear out. • Spartans and Peloponnesian cities pull out of the Hellenic League (no surprise there) • Athens forms the Delian League

  3. Delian League • # of cities • Pericles • Tribute • Treasury moved to Athens

  4. Welcome to the Hotel California • You can check into the Delian League, but you can’t check out • Naxos • Aegina • What do you think? Was this right? Should they have been able to secede from this union of city states?

  5. How does this compare with the War Between the States in American history?

  6. Athen’s Golden Age • Spartan – Athenian Skirmishes • Treaty – The Thirty Years Peace • Building of the Parthenon (Temple to Athena) • Contest between Athena and Poseidon • 40 Foot Zeus in temple at Olympia • Socrates teaching • Thirty Years Peace lasted 14 years

  7. Peloponnesian War(s) Among the losses that both sides experienced: • Battle losses – “the Greeks tearing each other to shreds…” (Bauer) • Economic costs • Plague • Famine (not able to plant) Aristophanes writes Lysistrata

  8. Alcibiades • Subverts the Peace of Nicias - pressures Athens to support Egesta against Corinthians colonies • Goes over to the Spartans and leads them to attack Attica • Impregnates the wife of the Spartan king and flees to Asia Minor • Encourages the Persians satrap to play the role of Clint Eastwood in “A Fist Full of Dollars”

  9. Spartans Win

  10. The Thirty Tyrants • Established in Athens by the Spartans • Murdered • Political enemies • Those whose possessions they desired • Those whose ideas threatened them • Overthrown by people of Athens • 403 BC start of a new era in Athens (?)

  11. Rebuilding • Still squabbling with others and with themselves • Anti-intellectual climate • Convict and execute Socrates in 399 BC • Convicted of corrupting the youth and being and not believing in the gods • Actually, he had the wrong friends • Alcibiades • Kritias

  12. More Squabbles • Greek mercenaries fighting with Cyrus against Artaxerxes II • Corinthian War over rule of the Ionians cities • three years • Spartans invite the Persians back into the fray • Athenians assist the Egyptians in their struggle against the Persians

  13. Peace • Ended up being Enforced by Persia • At this point there are serious attempts at pan-Hellenism, they weren’t very successful • Decades later (340 BC) Phillip of Macedon attacks Athens, after being invited to do so by Isocrates, the priests at Delphi, and others.

  14. Phillip II becomes King • While hostage in Thebes had learned how to make war • Becomes king after death of his brother • Married to Angelina Jolie • How did Phillip lose his eye? • Buchephalas and Alexander • Aristotle becomes Alexander’s tutor

  15. The Corinthian League • Established to confront Persians • Phillip has domestic issues and is murdered • Alexander takes leadership of Macedonia and the Corinthian League • Athens and Thebes Withdraw

  16. The Path To Empire

  17. Detours • Gordian Knot • Ammon Oracle • Diogenes the Cynic His experience with the High Priest of Israel

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