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World War II and the Cold War

World War II and the Cold War. Dictators and War Mobilizing for War Roots of the Cold War The Cold War Expands. 20 th Century Dictators. Dictators and War. Dictators and Wars Treaty of Versailles from WWI caused anger/resentment among nations

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World War II and the Cold War

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  1. World War II and the Cold War Dictators and War Mobilizing for War Roots of the Cold War The Cold War Expands

  2. 20th Century Dictators

  3. Dictators and War Dictators and Wars • Treaty of Versailles from WWI caused anger/resentment among nations • Three dictators use totalitarian gov’ts to rise to power • Joseph Stalin: Russia • Communist State • 5 year plan-collectives • Est. complete control of citizens lives- totalitarian gov’t • Benito Mussolini: Italy • Created Fascist Party- Extreme Nationalism

  4. Dictators and War Adolf Hitler: Germany • Joined NAZI party when young • Mein Kampf- Nazism • Purity Race- Aryansanti-semitic • Unite German speaking people • Third Reich- political regime • Japanese militarists control gov’t

  5. Dictators and War War in Europe • Hitler acquires Austria and Czech into the ReichAnschluss • GB uses appeasement with Hitler- let him get his way to avoid war • Stalin signs non-agression pact with Hitler as Germany launches blitzkrieg in Poland ridding Poland of Jews • France falls to Axis Powers when the Maginot Line is broken • Allies finally joinBattle of Britain: G. bombs GB day/night for 2 mo.

  6. Dictators and War America and War • At first US adopts and isolationist policy FDR signs the Neutrality Act- allowing trade between US and Europe • Quarantine Speech: Peaceful states urge aggressive states to isolate themselves • FDR uses “cash and carry”- allowed warring nations to buy US materials if they used cash and carried them on their own ships

  7. Dictators and War America in the War Continued… • Congress passes “peacetime draft”, boosts defense spending • “Great Arsenal of Democracy”- FDR convinces nations that we must help Allied powers against the Axis powers • Lend Lease Act- GB, SU give any kind of aid to Allies • Churchill (GB) and FDR secretly meet to plan war- Atlantic Charter

  8. Dictators and War Japan Attacks • Japan invades China and wants to acquire as much land as possible • December 7, 1941- Pearl Harbor • FDR knew Japan was planning an attack- two front war

  9. Mobilizing for War Mobilizing • Women serve in non-combat rolesWAC (Women Army Corps) • Lend-Lease Act begins, War Production Board manages peacetime to wartime industry start rationing • Office of Price Administrations: freeze prices on goods to fight inflation

  10. Mobilizing for War War in the Pacific • Japanese on defense after Pearl Harbor Gen. Douglas McArthur in command of Pacific theater • At first, J. forces advance against US in Philippines and Southeast Asia • 1941- US turns the tide Doolittle’s Raid, Battle of Coral Sea • Battle of Midway- turning point in Pacific War- Island Hopping • Japanese launch first kamikaze strikes to break Allied lines • Iwo Jima: Crucial Island for US base- heavy losses

  11. Mobilizing for War The War for Europe and North Africa • FDR, Churchill, Stalin agree Pacific war is second to European fight against Hitler • Germany uses U-Boats to sink all ships in Atlantic Convoy system • 1943- Germany slowly presses in on Stalingrad (SU) • SU army wins- major turning point in fighting on land • Allies invade Italy and N. Africa in an attempt to spread Hitler’s army thin

  12. Mobilizing for War D-Day • D-Day: Allies land in France, a month later, they control Paris • Battle of the Bulge: German make last attempt to cross Allied lines liberate death camps • Hitler commits suicide and G surrendersVE Day: May 8, 1945 • FDR died of a stroke a month before- Harry S. Truman (VP) takes over

  13. Mobilizing for War The Atomic Bomb- Manhattan Project • US considered invading Japan, like on D-Day- too risky • US warns Japan prior to dropping bomb • Hiroshima/Nagasaki: August 6 & 9, 1945- Japan surrenders

  14. Mobilizing for War Effects of the War • The Holocaust • Yalta Conference: Feb. 1945: FDR, Churchill, Stalin meet • Discuss post war plans- Stalin favors harshness towards G; FDR, C. disagree • Poland, Bulgaria, Romania would have free elections (Stalin reneged)

  15. Mobilizing for War • Potsdam Conference: July 1945: Truman, Atlee, Stalin • Divide G. into 4 zones • Free elections in Poland • Stalin joins war against Japan • United Nations is formed, Nuremberg Trials try war criminals

  16. Roots of the Cold War Roots of the Cold War • Soviet Union vs. US (Communism vs. Democracy) • Stalin had made promises at Yalta and Potsdam to allow democratic, free elections in Poland, Bulgaria, etc • Stalin backed out of promises-created satellite states of these nations • Stalin disagrees w/ dem., while Truman does not believe in commie • Democratic Western Europe vs. Communist East Europe • Churchill calls the division the “iron curtain” • Stand-off lasts 46 years, but never became a “hot” war militarily

  17. Roots of the Cold War The Cold War Begins • US starts aiding Greece and Turkey (SU influence there) • Truman Doctrine: stop aid nations struggling against communist movement • US policy is to “contain” Soviet communist expansion

  18. Roots of the Cold War The Cold War Continues… • US provides support to any Western European nation that needed it- Marshall Plan • GB, Fr. US unify their zones in G.; but Berlin is surrounded by SU zone • SU cuts off rail/road travel to West Berlin (Berlin Blockade)-US starts Berlin Airlift • W. Europe and US join together against Communism- NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization • NATO members pledge military support to each otherWarsaw Pact is SU rival organization

  19. Roots of the Cold War The Cold War heats Up • Civil war in ChinaChiang Kai-Shek (nationalist leader) vs. Mao Zedong (communist) • Chiang gov’t corrupt and ineffective, Mao takes over China commie

  20. Roots of the Cold War The Korean War • Korea divided NK- Commie vs. SK- Dem (38th parallel) • 1950- NK attacks SK- Soviet Union backs NK • NK troops seem unstoppable, Gen. MacArthur launches counterattack • China feels threatened by US- China attacks US/UN forces • MacArthur suggests attacking China- Truman says no • Truman fires MacArthur for insubordination • Stalemate1951-1953 • 1953- ceasefire at 38th parallel; demilitarized zones b/t sides

  21. The Cold War Expands The Cold War Expands • 1949: SU detonates atomic bomb, China falls to commie shocks US • 1952: US tests first H-Bomb US/SU race to out build arms • Dwight D. Eisenhower elected in 1952- favors strengthening nuke arms • John Foster Dulles- Sec. of State believes in brinkmanship: go to edge of war

  22. The Cold War Expands • Stalin dies 1953- Nikita Khrushchev takes over- believes Commie can work and happen peacefully • Anti- commie rebellions in Czech. and Hungary rock surrounding nations • US starts covert actions (CIA) to stop spread of Communism

  23. The Cold War Expands • Suez Canal trouble- Egyptian leaders playing US and SU against each other for more money to build a dam along Nile River • Canal used by many nations for travel GB/France use force to gain canal- US outraged • Eisenhower Doctrine: US would defend the ME from communist attacks

  24. Space Race: SU launches Sputnik in 1957; Congress creates NASA

  25. The Cold War Expands The Cold War At Home • Cold War creates “us vs. them” attitudeRed Scare re-emerges • Red Scare deeper than in 20s gov’t creates Loyalty Review Bd: kick out gov’t workers who were “soft” on commies • House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC): investigated communist activities in and out of white house • Attack movie industry- Hollywood Ten: ten witnesses called to trial who plead the fifth

  26. The Cold War Expands Spys in the US • Alger Hiss: spying for SU- never prosecuted, later found to be true • The Rosenbergs: helped leak A-Bomb secrets to SU sentenced to death

  27. The Cold War Expands McCarthyism • Sen. Joe McCarthy (Wisconsin) accused US state dept. of being infested with commies • Made constant threats to suspected communists- never produced a single name • Made slanderous comments about US army downfall

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