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Chp 24: Physical Geography of South Asia

Chp 24: Physical Geography of South Asia. Landforms and Resources. South Asia = subcontinent Peninsulas surrounded by mountains and oceans ½ the size of the U.S. More than 1 billion inhabitants. Take Five…. Look at the graphic on pg 551. How do scientists believe the Himalayas were formed?.

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Chp 24: Physical Geography of South Asia

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  1. Chp 24: Physical Geography of South Asia

  2. Landforms and Resources • South Asia = subcontinent • Peninsulas surrounded by mountains and oceans • ½ the size of the U.S. • More than 1 billion inhabitants

  3. Take Five… • Look at the graphic on pg 551. • How do scientists believe the Himalayas were formed?

  4. Mountains and Plateaus • Himalayas are located in 5 countries: India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal • Serve as a natural barrier between South Asia and the rest of Asia

  5. Mt. Everest 29,035 feet

  6. Wally Points… • How many people have successfully climbed Mt. Everest? • How old was the oldest person to successfully climb the mountain? • How young was the youngest person to successfully climb the mountain? • How many corpses remain on the mountain?

  7. Answers… • How many people have successfully climbed Mt. Everest? At the end of the 2004 climbing season, 1,400 different climbers from twenty different countries had completed a total of over 2,000 climbs. • How old was the oldest person to successfully climb the mountain? Yuichiro Miura age 70 • How young was the youngest person to successfully climb the mountain? Temba Tsheri 15 • How many corpses remain on the mountain? To date, 189 people have died trying to reach the summit, which sets the fatality rate at around nine percent. Most of these fatalities happened before 1990. In the last ten years, advances in climbing equipment and more experienced guides have resulted in a steep drop in fatality statistics: from 37% in 1990 to 4.4% in 2004.

  8. Mountain ranges as natural barriers • Hindu Kush—west of the Himalayas cut off Pakistan from Afghanistan • Khyber Pass

  9. Rivers, Deltas & Plains • Indus, Ganges & Brahmaputra Rivers • Meet and form one large delta before Bay of Bengal • Provide irrigation for agriculture • Carry alluvial soil to alluvial plains (deposits of fertile soil) • Indo-Gangetic Plain one of most fertile region in the world • 3/5’s population of South Asia located here

  10. Indus River

  11. Ganges River

  12. Brahmaputra River

  13. Offshore Islands • Sri Lanka • Teardrop island in the Indian Ocean • The Maldives • Archipelago—island group of 1,200 islands • Atoll—tops of submerged volcanoes • Only 200 of the islands are inhabitable • 115 square miles

  14. “Teardrop” Sri Lanka

  15. Sri Lanka

  16. The Maldives

  17. Take Five… • Complete the Skill Builder questions on pg 554

  18. Natural Resources • Water resources • Alluvial plains (for fertile agriculture) • Irrigation for agriculture • Hydroelectricity • Transportation and trade • Fishing • Timber • Rainforests—teak, sal, bamboo & sandalwood • Highlands & Nepal—pine, fir etc • Deforestation & soil erosion are problems • Minerals • Coal production (India=4th largest in the world) • Natural gas production—India, Pakistan & Bangladesh • Uranium, mica, diamonds & iron-ore—India • Diamonds & other precious gemstones—Sri Lanka

  19. Natural Mineral Resources

  20. Take Five… • Complete the Skill Builder questions on pg 557

  21. Sec 2: Climate and Vegetation • 6 main climate zones (see skill builder map) • Tropical wet • Tropical wet/dry • Desert—only 10 inches per year ave. • Semiarid—high temps & light rainfall • Humid subtropical • Highland—coldest climate

  22. Monsoons • Seasonal winds • Oct-Feb dry winds from northeast • June-Sept moist winds from southeast • Provides rainfall for region • Unpredictable • Flooding or drought…

  23. South Asia Monsoons

  24. Devastation from monsoon flooding

  25. Cyclones • Hurricanes/tornadoes—devastating storms with heavy rains and winds • Bangladesh most prone to cyclones

  26. Cyclones

  27. Vegetation of South Asia • Lush Rainforest of Bangladesh • Deserts like Thar Desert with little vegetation

  28. Sec 3: Human-Environment Interaction • The significance of the Ganges River • Hinduism religious rituals • Drinking water • Effects of pollution • Raw sewage • Industrial waste • Corpses of animals & humans • Plethora of bacteria • Illness, disease and death

  29. Take Five… • Complete the Skill Builder question on pg 561

  30. Ganges River…the Holy River

  31. Ganges River—One of most polluted rivers in the world

  32. Flooding of the Feni River

  33. The process of building a dam • Employing a Dutch engineering firm • Unskilled labor force of Bangladesh • Bamboo mats to prevent erosion • Boulders to weight down the mats • Clay filled bags on top of the boulders • Feb. 28, 1985—filling in the closure (completing the dam)—low tide • 600,000 bags followed by clay to 30 ft then concrete, brick with a road built over the top

  34. Building a dam to control flood waters of the Feni River

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