NGAO System Design Phase Update

1. NGAO System Design PhaseUpdate Peter Wizinowich, Rich Dekany, Don Gavel, Claire Max, Sean Adkins for NGAO Team SSC Meeting November 6, 2007

2. Presentation Sequence • Management • NSF Proposals • Science & System Requirements • System Engineering • System Design • Summary

3. Management Report 10/1/06 3/31/08 PDR System Design Started System Design Review now

4. Project Reports • 4th & 5th reports submitted to Directors on 9/19 & 11/2 http://www.oir.caltech.edu/twiki_oir/bin/view.cgi/Keck/NGAO/SystemDesignPhasePlanning • Emphasis during this report period has been on: • System architecture evaluation & selection (June – Aug.) • Functional requirements (Aug. – Dec.) • Subsystem design (Sept. – Dec.) • Proposals to TSIP & ATI • Plus: completion of two performance budgets, incorporation of additional atmospheric characterization data, & summary reports for the performance budgets & trade studies

5. System Design Milestones Requirements  Performance Budgets + Trade Studies  System Architecture + Functional Requirements  Subsystem Design + Functional Requirements  Management Plan (post-SDR) 4 milestones completed since June SSC meeting

6. Schedule & Budget Schedule: 53% of System Design Phase work complete through Oct. Budget: 64% of System Design Phase budget ($730k) spent through Sept. • 92% of the $798k FY07 budget, excluding $20k contingency Plan to be reviewed to ensure deliverables complete for SDR

7. NGAO Keck AO Notes 20 reports document technical progress since last SSC meeting: All KAONs at http://www.oir.caltech.edu/twiki_oir/bin/view.cgi/Keck/NGAO/NewKAONs

8. NSF Proposals

9. NSF Proposals Submitted • NGAO preliminary design • $2M TSIP proposal submitted on Aug. 31 • Funds ~70% of preliminary design • Detailed schedule/budget to be determined during system design • Deployable near-IR integral field spectrograph system design • $1.1M ATI proposal submitted on Nov. 1 • Proposed to ATI program because • Most complex NGAO instrument, with longest lead time • Advanced nature of key components made it suitable for ATI • System design scheduled from May/08 to Dec/09 • Proposal writing in both cases led by Adkins with support from WMKO management, NGAO EC & science community

10. Deployable IFS: Project Organization • Adkins (co-PI) : overall architecture, systems engineering, project management • Larkin (co-PI): IFS design, instrument scientist • Science team members: Barton (UCI), Lu (UCLA), Shapley (Princeton/UCLA), Steidel (CIT), Treu (UCSB) • Optical design • UCSC, UCLA • MOAO • UCSC, WMKO • Mechanical design • Caltech, UCLA, WMKO • Electronics and Software • UCLA, WMKO Project requires close liaison with NGAO PD phase!

11. Deployable IFS: Science Cases • Extragalactic Science • Galaxy Assembly and Star Formation History • Properties of Extremely High Redshift Galaxies • Cluster Scale Lensing • Stellar Populations and Kinematics in High Redshift Galaxies • Galaxy Formation and AGNs • Galactic Science • Young Massive Star Clusters • Physics of Star Forming Regions • Science cases in bold face discussed in proposal

12. Deployable IFS: Observing Features • Entire near-IR band (J, H or K) in one exposure • Rectangular IFS FOV 1" x 3" (baseline) • Nominal 50 to 70 mas spatial scale, selected to match AO performance and give 50% EE in each spatial sample • R ~4,000 • Background limited (sky+telescope) performance goal (cooled AO enclosure) • Close packed mode: Image credit: UCLA Galactic Center Group

13. Deployable IFS: Instrument Concept

14. Deployable IFS: Synergy with Other Projects Significant commonality with key elements of TMT instruments: • IRIS • Image sampling • Near-IR tip-tilt wavefront sensing • Spectrograph • IRMOS • NGAO deployable IFS is a pathfinder or “prototype” instrument • Object selection • MOAO • ATI Letter of support provided by TMT for “leveraging” common areas of technical problem solving and design

15. Science Case & System Requirements

16. Keck leadership in AO science • Keck LGS science dominated last week’s Ringberg meeting on “Astronomy with LGS AO” • 12 meaty Keck science papers • Campbell’s stunning summary talk on Keck LGS experience • Hans-Walter Rix: Congratulations! • Ambitious ESO VLT future AO plans • “Laser guide star facility” - one whole VLT telescope with two Ground Layer AO systems (MUSE, HAWK-I) • Relatively modest narrow-field AO system in near IR • NGAO has unique science role • Will maintain Keck’s world leadership!

17. Science Cases • Recall presentations at Keck Strategic Planning Meeting • Science case overview (Max) • Astrometry (Cameron & Lu) • High redshift galaxies (Steidel & Law) • Gravitationally lensed galaxies (Marshall & Treu) • One result of KSPM talk  New volunteers to work on NGAO science cases • Eisner, Fitzgerald, Metchev, Perrin • Many others reiterated their interest • Reminder of astronomers who have been involved in science cases & requirements subsequent to proposal: • Ammons, Barth, Cameron, Ghez, Koo, Law, Le Mignant, Liu, Lu, Macintosh, Marchis, Marshall, Max, McGrath, Steidel, Treu

18. NGAO is complementary to TMT IRMS • TMT IRMS: AO multi-slit, based on MOSFIRE • Slits: 0.12” and 0.16”, Field of regard: 2 arc min • Lower backgrounds: 10% of sky + telescope • NGAO with multiplexed deployable IFU’s • Multi-object AO  better spatial resolution (0.07”) over full field • Backgrounds:  30% of sky + telescope • Pros for TMT: lower backgrounds, higher sensitivity • Pros for NGAO: higher spatial resolution, 2D information, better wide field performance, sooner than TMT

19. Progress on defining science requirements • Release 2 of the Science Case Requirements & System Requirements Documents are well under way • Observatory requirements further developed • Remaining tasks identified and assigned • David Le Mignant & Liz McGrath supporting this effort

20. Science Requirements Summary

21. System Engineering:System Architecture

22. System Architecture Selected • Five architectures evaluated versus technical, cost & programmatic ranking criteria • Split relay • Adaptive secondary • Large relay • Keck I upgrade • Cascaded relay

23. Selected System Architecture • Tomography to measure wavefronts & overcome cone effect • AO-corrected, IR tip-tilt stars for broad sky coverage • Closed-loop AO for 1st relay • Open-loop AO for deployable IFUs & 2nd relay

24. Model used to ensure Low Background Used to ensure efficacy of faint IFU K-band science case • Transmission/background model • Detailed coating model, ~10 • coating types in each • science camera & WFS path • Selectable spectral resolution • KAON 501 Total AO Telescope Atmosphere Wide Field Background (260 K)

25. Technical Risk Analysis (v1) Completed • Risks identified & ranked. • One more iteration to be performed • Will be tracked

26. Functional Requirements Management Database Requirements document section: easier to organize final document from database Rational and traceability (just text field for now) Organized by SEMP WBS Short name for easier searching

27. NGAO System Design

28. Design Teams • AO architecture overall + opto-mechanical (Lead - Gavel) • AO wavefront sensors (Velur) • AO operational tools (Neyman) • Laser facility (Chin) • Controls (Johansson) • Science operations (Le Mignant) • Process: Work scope planning sheets (21) produced for all major design tasks • Define tasks, approach, inputs, products & personnel • Ensure agreement on scope • Some still pending EC approval

29. AO Opto-Mechanical Design • Field of view expanded from 120” to 180” diameter in response to sky coverage analysis • Impacts on K-mirror, 2nd layer height, deployable IFU location • ADC concept & location determined • Space frame structure being evaluated for optics support • Draft opto-mechanical ICD produced 180” side view

30. Laser Facility Design • System Architecture Draft Document generated. • Describes pros and cons of the laser architectures. • Describes current laser systems & their applicability to NGAO & the Keck telescopes. • Provides criteria for down selection process. • From system architecture, generated initial list of requirements and considerations to discuss with laser vendors. • Some of this discussion took place at CfAO laser workshop (Nov. 2) • 1st order subsystem block diagram completed with interfaces shown. • Further updates to Functional Requirements Document 2.0.

31. Non-Real-Time Controls Update • Draft of initial system context block diagram produced • Still needs some work to incorporate and interconnect science operations & instruments • Identifies the major controls modules required to implement the NGAO system • Will be used to guide remainder of non-RTC controls design effort • Next steps: • Block level design of individual control modules • Revise the functional requirements

32. Real-Time Controller Block Diagrams Software Flow Data Hardware Interfaces 38

33. Science Operations Design • Draft pre-observing interfaces specification & design manual produced • System Requirements Document updated to include science operations requirements from observer & Observatory points of view • Working on an observation timeline document to define many aspects of the operations

34. Summary • Management • Major milestones met • Exception: science/system requirements document releases v2 & 3 • Schedule slip over last 2-3 months • EC will be reviewing schedule & deliverables to ensure SDR is held on schedule & within budget • NSF funding proposals for NGAO preliminary design & deployable IFS system design submitted • Technical: • Completed phases: performance budgets v1, trade studies & system architecture • System architecture selected • Good progress on functional requirements & database implementation to maintain them • Subsystem design phase has begun Team remains committed & excited about NGAO!