1 / 58

Chapter 2: England’s 17 th Century in North America

Chapter 2: England’s 17 th Century in North America. The English Settle in North America. Spread of Settlement: Atlantic Coast European. Settling the British Colonies. Unlike the Spanish & French, the British colonies were not funded or strictly controlled by the king:

herrod-barnes
Download Presentation

Chapter 2: England’s 17 th Century in North America

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 2: England’s 17th Century in North America

  2. The English Settle in North America Spread of Settlement: Atlantic Coast European

  3. Settling the British Colonies • Unlike the Spanish & French, the British colonies were not funded or strictly controlled by the king: • Joint-stock companies were formed by investors who hoped to profit off new colonies • Once a charter was gained from the king, the company could maintain a colony in America

  4. Colonizing Virginia: Jamestown • 1607 - Jamestown became the first permanent English settlement in North America • One ruler, Powhatan, controlled virtually all of the Indians nearby. • Jamestown built on a swamp - mosquitoes and malaria

  5. Queen Elizabeth’s Visit to Jamestown in 1957 On its 350th Year of Founding

  6. Queen Elizabeth’s Visit to Jamestown in 2007 On its 400th Year of Founding

  7. John Smith took control, forced colonists to farm, & negotiated with nearby Powhatan Indians Winter of 1609-1610 “starving time” - over 80% of 500 settlers died. Smith negotiated with the Powhatan to obtain access to more food Implemented a “no work, no food” policy in the colony “He who will not work, will not eat”

  8. Colonizing Virginia: Jamestown (2) • Capt. John Smith rallied the settlers at Jamestown • Captured by Powhatan and threatened with execution • Smith was saved by Powhatan’s daughter Pocahontas • Smith returned to England in 1609

  9. Colonizing Virginia: Jamestown (3) • 1613 – tobacco (“stinking weed”) imported to Jamestown by John Rolfe • Developed a pleasant smoking strain • Tobacco would become the feature cash crop of Virginia

  10. Virginia Workers • To meet the demand for field workers, Virginians used: • Indentured servants from England; Typically poor men who agreed to work for a land owner for 4-7 yrs in exchange for travel to America • In 1618, the headright system was created; 50 acres were given to anyone who brought an indentured servant to America • African slaves

  11. Social Hierarchy in the Chesapeake There were very few women in Virginia, which made it difficult for colonists to marry or to have families The owners of tobacco plantations Small farmers were the largest class; Came as indentured servants; most were very poor TOBACCOwas the basis of wealth & cause of social inequalities Indentured servants were often mistreated African slaves

  12. The Massachusetts Colonies: Plymouth, 1620 • Pilgrims = Separatists • Left on the Mayflower, Sept. 16, 1620 • Mayflower Compact - laws for the new community • 1621 - only half of the 101 who had crossed the Atlantic were still alive • William Bradford - governor

  13. The Massachusetts Colonies: Boston, 1630 • 1629  non-Separatists got a royal charter to form the MA Bay Co. • Wanted to escape attacks by conservatives in the Church of England. • They didn’t want to leave the Church, just its “impurities.” • 1630  1,000 people set off in 11 well-stocked ships. Established a colony with Boston as its hub. • “Great Migration” of the 1630s. Turmoil in England [leading to the English Civil War] sent about 70,000 Puritans to America

  14. The Great Puritan Migration

  15. Massachusetts Bay Colony • Founded in 1630 • Elected Puritan leader John Winthrop as governor • Advocated that the Puritans establish a “city upon a hill” as an example to all people of what a godly community could be

  16. In what ways was colonial New England different from colonial Virginia?

  17. New England Colonies, 1650

  18. The Pilgrims in Plymouth • The Separatists (known as Pilgrims) formed a joint-stock company & received a royal charter to create the Plymouth Colony in America • The Pilgrims created the Mayflower Compact agreeing to work together as a “civil body politick” (this agreement became the 1st example of self-government in America)

  19. The Pilgrims in Plymouth • Pilgrims founded Plymouth in 1620 • Faced disease & hunger; received help from local natives like Squanto & Massasoit • In 1691, Plymouth was absorbed into the larger, more successful Massachusetts Bay colony

  20. Puritans in Massachusetts Bay • Puritans tried to remain within the Church of England, but: • In 1629, many Puritans felt King Charles I was ruining England • Puritans arrived in Boston in 1630 • From 1630-1640, John Winthrop led 16,000 Puritans to the Massachusetts Bay colony as part of the Great Migration

  21. The Great Puritan Migration

  22. What makes New England society unique?

  23. “A City on a Hill” • Winthrop wanted to build Boston as a “city on a hill” to be a model to other Christians • The Massachusetts colony was very different from Virginia: • Settlers usually came as families • New England was generally a healthy place to live • Settlers sacrificed for the common good, built schools, focused on subsistence farming

  24. Social Hierarchy in New England Local “elite” were religious leaders who ran town meetings RELIGIONwas the center of society Large population of small-scale farmers who were loyal to the local community Small population of landless laborers, servants, & poor

  25. What functions could this building have served in New England?

  26. Massachusetts Government • Government in Massachusetts centered on the church through town meetings: • Each Massachusetts town was independently governed by local church members • All adult male church members were allowed to vote for local laws & taxes

  27. Town Meetings

  28. Limiting Dissent in NE • Puritans did not support dissent: • Roger Williams was banished from Massachusetts when he demanded that Indians be paid for their land; He formed the Rhode Island colony in 1636 • Anne Hutchinson was banished to Rhode Island for challenging Puritan leaders’ authority

  29. Mobility and Division • After absorbing Plymouth, the Massachusetts colony grew & spawned 4 new colonies: • New Hampshire • Rhode Island • Connecticut • New Haven

  30. What is going on in this image?

  31. Tensions in New England • As the New England colonies expanded into new lands, conflicts with Indians arose: • Pequot War in 1637 led to the massacre of 600 Indians (the 1st major British-led attack on Indians) • King Philip’s War in 1675 resulted when the Wampanoag raided towns, killing 10% of the colonial New England men

  32. What might have caused the hysteria?

  33. Tensions in New England • By the 1660s, many New England towns experienced a drop-off in church membership & responded with the Halfway Covenant: • Granted church membership to people who had not had a “conversion experience” • This compromise revealed the declining importance of religion in New England

  34. Tensions in New England • In 1692, the Salem witchcraft trials led to the death of 19 & imprisonment of 150 citizens: • Caused by a variety of factors: Indians attacks, religious fanaticism, lack of available land, accusations by local girls

  35. Salem Witch Craft Trials, 1692

  36. Closure Activity • On the map provided, label each: • Virginia • Massachusetts • Plymouth • Rhode Island • For each of the above colonies, create a symbol that summarizes the characteristics of the colony

  37. Essential Question: • What are the similarities & differences among the Southern, New England, & Middle colonies?

  38. The Massachusetts Colonies: Connecticut & Rhode Island • Thomas Hooker - led followers to Connecticut in 1636. Fundamental Order of Connecticut - gave all free men the right to vote for their leaders • Roger Williams - banished to Rhode Island in 1636 • Anne Hutchinson - excommunicated by Winthrop in 1637, ended up in Rhode Island

  39. Dissention in the Colony – Anne Hutchinson • Articulate, strong-willed, & intelligent wife of a prominent merchant • Held prayer meetings in her home to discuss sermons & provide her own commentary on religious matters • Holy life was no sure sign of salvation. • Truly saved didn’t need to obey the law of either God or man. (Antinomianism)

  40. Maryland • The colony was the vision of Sir George Calvert (Lord Baltimore) • Founded in 1632 as refuge for Catholics in America • 1632 - granted a charter for Maryland • He died, but his son Cecilius took over

  41. South Carolina • Charles II granted land south of Virginia to 8 supporters in 1663 • Given the title of Lord Proprietors • Able to exercise their authority with virtual independence • Developed a plantation economy, first with sugar, then rice in later years.

  42. Southern Plantation Economy

  43. The Southern Colonies Charleston, South Carolina Founded in 1680, Charleston grew to become the bustling seaport pictured in this drawing done in the 1730s. Charleston was by then the largest city in the mostly rural southern colonies. It flourished as a seaport for the shipment to England of slave-grown Carolina rice.

  44. Additional Colonies: Continued Settlement and Development • Carolinas - most settlers were former indentured servants from Virginia and Maryland or Barbados • New York - was originally New Netherland, founded by the Dutch • Pennsylvania - the colony was largely the work of one man - William Penn, Quakers

  45. Thomas Coram’s oil painting (c. 1770) shows the main residence and slave quarters on the Mulberry Plantation near Charleston, South Carolina. The distinctive steep-roofed design of the slave cabins on the left probably reflects African building styles. Slave quarters may not have been located quite as close to the main house as this picture suggests. Thomas Coram, “View of Mulberry Street, House and Street.” Oil on paper, 10 3 17.6 cm, Gibbes Museum of Art/ Carolina Art Association. 68.18.01

  46. Pennsylvania: Dream of toleration and peace • Another proprietary colony • William Penn founded Pennsylvania in 1681 hoping to provide a refuge for Quakers and a model of justice and peace. • Quakers believed in the “Inner Light,” that all people are equal, & the ability to communicate directly with God • Penn established good relations with Indians by purchasing land and signing treaties. • Pennsylvania’s frame of government provided religious freedom and created a legislature with limited powers. • The population was ethnically and religiously diverse with most settlers living on farms.

  47. No colonial proprietor was more idealistic than William Penn, shown here in a portrait made in about 1698 by Francis Place. Penn wanted Pennsylvania to be a place of peace, prosperity, and religious toleration—especially for his fellow Quakers. The colony eventually became an economic success but failed to achieve the social harmony that Penn had wanted.

  48. Quakers - Society of Friends

More Related