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Introduction to Micro-Hydro Power Systems: From Home to Large Scale

Learn about micro-hydro power systems, from small home setups to large-scale dams producing significant electricity globally. Explore different system sizes, types, and turbines used, including Impoundment, Run-of-the River, and more. Discover the differences between Reaction and Impulse turbines and the efficiency and power they generate. Get insights into various hydroelectric projects around the world, such as Hoover Dam, Three Gorges Dam, and examples from Dominica. Find out about the cost and components of setting up micro-hydro systems for personal or community use, utilizing the natural flow of water to generate clean energy.

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Introduction to Micro-Hydro Power Systems: From Home to Large Scale

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  1. Intro to Micro-Hydro Power Gary Flomenhoft, BSME, MPP,CEE Lecturer/Research Associate Community and International Development, CDAE Gund Institute, University of Vermont Project Director, Dominica Renewable Energy Workshop http://www.uvm.edu/~gflomenh/Dominica/fieldwork.html

  2. Hydro Currently • 1/10 of electricity, US. • 20% World electricity

  3. Hydro-Electric Systems • Sizes- large, small, Micro • Types- Impoundment, Run-of-the River, diversion, pumped storage • Turbines- reaction and impulse • Home-Hydro-Power

  4. Large Hydro-systems • Defined as greater than 30 megawatts by Department of Energy • Hoover dam- (1300 MW) • Grand Coulee (6480 MW • Largest: • Venezuela (10 GW) • Itaipu-Brazil (12.6 GW • China- 18.6 GW (2009)

  5. Three Gorges Dam • Over one mile long • 575 feet tall. • 25-75 billion dollars. • 20 years of construction • 18,600 MW • Completion in 2009

  6. Small Hydro-systems • DOE 100kw – 30mw • Industries, towns • Thailand (9mw) • Winooski (5MW) • Essex (7MW)

  7. Micro-hydro system • DOE 0-100 kw • Farm, home, village • Increasing in #’s Today

  8. Impoundment Type or “Run-of-the-River w/o impoundment

  9. Diversion Type

  10. Diversion (Brazil)

  11. Pumped Storage Energy control- produce power on demand • 70-80% efficency • Net electricity consumers • Can be PV and wind powered

  12. Turbines: Reaction or Impulse • Depends on: head, flow, and pressure • Impulse- similar to water wheel (cupped Blades) Spins in the air • Reaction- used in large facilities • (Blades similar to boat propeller) Submerged in water

  13. Turbines: Reaction or Impulse

  14. Turbines: Reaction or Impulse

  15. Impulse-type Turbine-Pelton • High-head/low flow • (Vertical drop > 10m) • High pressure (PSI)

  16. Inside of Micro Turbine • 4 inch diameter impulse turbine • Creates 200 watts of power • Cost $1440

  17. Harris DC Hydro systems

  18. 14 KW Canyon Industries Pelton

  19. Impulse-type Turbine-Turgo Turgo: Medium head (>4ft)

  20. Impulse-type Turbine-Crossflow • Low-head situations (high flow/ low PSI)

  21. Reaction-type Turbine-Francis • Low-head situations (high flow/ low PSI)

  22. Reaction-type Turbine-Propellor • Low-head situations (high flow/ low PSI)

  23. Reaction-type Turbine-Kaplan • Low-head situations (high flow/ low PSI)

  24. Schematic Micro-Hydro

  25. Home-Micro-Hydro • How to determine power? • Watts= head x GPM/10 (53% efficiency)

  26. Dominica #1 High head/Low flow Head: 120 feet Flow: 80-120 GPM Power: 1KW

  27. Schematic: Forbay tank

  28. Intake Construction

  29. Intake Construction

  30. Intake Construction

  31. Intake Construction

  32. Penstock: 4” SCH 40 PVCPainted for UV protection

  33. Penstock: 4” SCH 40 PVCPainted for UV protection

  34. PowerHouse:

  35. PowerHouse:

  36. PowerHouse:

  37. Turbine:

  38. Turbine:

  39. Turbine Sahyadri Energy Systems PF-175

  40. HYDRAULIC COMPONENTS OF TURBINE: • hydroelectric generator • WATER DELIVERED TO TURBINE BY PVC PIPE: • Length is approx 480 ft. • 4 inch diameter • Approx cost $1600

  41. Head: 10 feet Flow: 1000 GPM Power: 1KW Dominica #2 Low Head/High Flow

  42. Low-Head System Installation

  43. Diversion

  44. Diversion

  45. Diversion

  46. Pipe Installation

  47. Pipe Installation

  48. Pipe Installation

  49. Pipe Installation

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