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Evolution

Evolution. Biology: The Living Science. A Riddle: Life’s Diversity and Connections. Evolution : A change over a period of time Charles Darwin English naturalist who did research while sailing on the HMS Beagle Found many undiscovered species of animals in the Galapagos Islands

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Evolution

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  1. Evolution Biology: The Living Science

  2. A Riddle: Life’s Diversity and Connections • Evolution: A change over a period of time • Charles Darwin • English naturalist who did research while sailing on the HMSBeagle • Found many undiscovered species of animals in the Galapagos Islands • Called the variety of living things “living diversity” • Collected fossils

  3. Galapagos Islands • Location that influenced Darwin’s theory the most • Large and strange assortment of animals • These animals varied from one island to the next • He thought the animals living on different islands possibly once members of the same species

  4. A Look at Animals • Many similarities were found when looking at animals with 4 limbs • Homologous structures- structures that have a common origin but not necessarily a common function. • Vestigial structures-structures that that seem to have little or no obvious purpose in an organism (i.e. appendix)

  5. Darwin’s Hypothesis • Adaptation • The physical and behavioral traits an organism has to help it survive in its environment • All species are well-suited to the life they lead • Found at all levels of biology • Fitness • The ability of an individual to successfully pass on its genes to its offspring • Members of a species must reproduce

  6. Darwin’s Hypothesis (cont.) • Darwin hypothesized that species change over many generations and become better adapted to new conditions. • Artificial Selection • Selectively breeding organisms with desirable characteristics • Farmers unknowingly did this

  7. Natural Selection • The process by which individuals that are better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce more than other members of the same species (“survival of the fittest”) • Over time, the struggle for existence selects the fittest individuals to survive in nature.

  8. Factors that Affect Natural Selection • Overproduction—most species produce more offspring than can possibly survive • Variation—any difference between individuals of the same species • Competition—members of a species compete to survive

  9. Evidence for Evolution • Fossils • Similarities in Early Development • Similarities in Body Structure (homologous structures) • Similarities in DNA and Protein Structure

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