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The Military Decision-Making Process (MDMP)

The Military Decision-Making Process (MDMP). MDMP Agenda. 1. Module 1: MDMP Overview/Receipt of Mission/Mission Analysis PE # 1 – Cdr’s Initial guidance, Initial timeline, WARNO #1 PE # 2 – Develop Task List

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The Military Decision-Making Process (MDMP)

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  1. The Military Decision-Making Process (MDMP)

  2. MDMPAgenda 1. Module 1: MDMP Overview/Receipt of Mission/Mission Analysis PE # 1 – Cdr’s Initial guidance, Initial timeline, WARNO #1 PE # 2 – Develop Task List PE # 3 – Task Org, Constraints, Facts and Assumptions, Risk Assessment, CCIR PE # 4 – ISR requirements, Operational time line, Restated mission, Mission Analysis briefing, Approved restated mission, Initial Commander’s intent, Commander’s planning guidance, Warning Order #2, Updated facts and assumptions. 2. Module 2: COA Development PE # 5 – COA Statement and Sketch, COA briefing 3. Module 3: COA Analysis PE # 6 – Synch Matrix, Refined CCIR, Wargaming brief 4. Module 4: COA Comparison / Approval PE # 7 – COA Decision Matrix PE # 8 – Decision Brief, Approved COA, Cdr’s Final Guidance, WARNO #3 5. Module 5: Orders Production PE # 9 – Produce OPORD

  3. MDMP Primary References FM 1-02 Operational Terms and Graphics Sep 04 FM 3-0 Operations Jun 01 FM 5-0 Army Planning and Orders Production Jan 05 FM 6-0 Mission Command: Command and Control of Army Forces Aug 03 FM 34-130 Intelligence Preparation of the Battlefield Jul 94 FM 3-100.12 Risk Management Multiservice TTP Feb 01 FM 100-14 Risk Management Apr 98 Doctrinal Foundation

  4. Terminal Learning Objective TASK: Explain and apply the Military Decision-Making Process (MDMP). CONDITION: Given instruction, coached practical application, oral and written requirements, and appropriate products (WARNOs/OPORD) and references. STANDARD: • Be able to identify and explain the steps of the MDMP, and the products developed by the staff and commander during the phases of the MDMP. • Be able to integrate IPB into the MDMP. • Be able to employ the MDMP to prepare a tactically and doctrinally sound COA for unit commander approval.

  5. Problem Solving • What is the commander’s tactical problem? • What is he trying to achieve and what is he trying to prevent the enemy from achieving? • Each problem is unique. • Accounts for all factors of METT-TC and their many variations • The staff seeks ways to solve the problem that will defeat the enemy in the time available at the least cost to men and material. FM 3-90, chap.1

  6. Problem Solving • Solving problems takes preparation • Army doctrine directs a system that includes: • Education, training, and experience • Intelligence Preparation of the Battlefield (IPB) • Staff Estimates • Military Decision Making Procedures and Troop Leading Procedures

  7. Critical Reasoning/Thinking • All critical reasoning/thinking models must address these steps in problem solving Decision Use knowledge and apply judgement to fill gaps Understanding Judgment Result of assessing the meaning of information Knowledge Awareness Result of analyzing, comparing,and processing data Information Processing Data Facts and raw signals

  8. Receive the Mission Issue a warning order Make a tentative plan Initiate movement Conduct reconnaissance Complete the plan Follow-up Supervise Receipt of Mission Mission Analysis COA Development COA Analysis (Wargame) COA Comparison COA Approval Orders Production TLP and MDMP MDMP TLP * Used at Company level and below * Used at Kandak through Corps

  9. MDMP Steps * = Commander Activities or Decisions INPUT OUTPUT Step 1: RECEIPT OF MISSION • Mission received from higher HQs or deduced by the commander and staff. • Higher HQs order/plan • Higher HQs IPB • Staff Estimates • Restated mission • Initial Cdr’s intent and planning guidance, and CCIR • Updated staff estimates • Initial IPB products • Refined Cdr’s intent and planning guidance • Enemy COAs • COA statement and sketches • Wargame results • Criteria for comparison • DECISION MATRIX • Approved COA • Refined Cdr’s intent • Refined CCIR • Cdr’s Initial Guidance • WARNO • Restated mission • Initial Cdr’s intent and planning guidance • Initial CCIR • Updated staff estimates • Initial IPB products • Initial ISR plan • Preliminary movement • WARNO • Updated staff estimates and products • COA statements and sketch • Refined Cdr’s intent and planning guidance • Wargame results • Decision support templates • Task organization • Mission to subordinate units • Recommended CCIR • Decision matrix • Approved COA • Refined Cdr’s intent • Refined CCIR • High pay-off target list • WARNO • OPLAN/OPORD WARNO Step 2: MISSION ANALYSIS WARNO Step 3: COA DEVELOPMENT Step 4: COA ANALYSIS (WARGAME) Step 5: COA COMPARISON Step 6: COA APPROVAL WARNO Step 7: ORDERS PRODUCTION

  10. MDMP Overview Military Decision-Making ProcessWHAT IS IT? • Single, established, andproven analytical process. • Knowing if to decide, then when and what to decide. • Bothscience and art.

  11. MDMP Overview Minimum Staff Tools Higher HQ OPORD or OPLAN • Maps of the Area of Operations (AO). • Both own and higher HQ SOPs. • Appropriate references. • Existingstaff estimates.

  12. MDMP Overview MDMP Advantages • Analyzes and compares multiple friendly and enemy COAs to identify thebest possible friendly course of action. • Produces greatest integration, coordination, and synchronization. • Minimizes risk of overlooking a critical aspectof the operation. • Results in detailed OPORD or OPLAN.

  13. MDMP Overview MDMP Disadvantage • The full MDMP is a time consuming process. • Time, more than any other factor,determines the detailwith which the staff can plan.

  14. MDMP Overview • Mission Analysis • Prepare charts for mission analysis • Prepare terrain sketches • Update/post unit reports/status • Prepare TOC for planning process • Conduct Mission Analysis • Serve as recorder • Brief commander and staff CDR Staff Officers Staff NCOs RTOs Clerks Typists X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X • Cdr’s Guidance • Assist Cdr in developing guidance • Issue guidance • Record/post cdr’s guidance X X X X X X X • COA Development • Prepare charts • Sketch COAs • Develop COAs X X X X X X X • COA Analysis • Collect and prepare tools/charts • Serve as wargame recorder • Conduct wargame session X X X X X X X X • Decision • Make recommendation to cdr • Decide • Record/Post Cdr’s Guidance X X X X X X X • Decision • Write annexes • Consolidate annexes • Type order • Reproduce order/graphics • Review order • Approve order X X X X X X X X X X X X X Who does what?

  15. Commander’s Role in Planning • Commanders are in charge of the planning process. • Commanders must visualize, describe, and direct operations.

  16. Step 1: RECEIPT OF MISSION • Visualize • Issue Initial Guidance WARNO Step 2: MISSION ANALYSIS Mission Analysis Briefing Describe • Approve Restated Mission • Issue Initial Cdr’s Intent • Issue Cdr’s Planning Guidance • Approve Initial CCIR WARNO Step 3: COA DEVELOPMENT COA Briefing • Refine Planning Guidance Staff Estimates Step 4: COA ANALYSIS (WARGAME) Commander’s Visualization War Game Briefing (optional) Step 5: COA COMPARISON Step 6: COA APPROVAL COA Decision Briefing • Direct • Approve COA • Refine Cdr’s Intent / CCIR WARNO Step 7: ORDERS PRODUCTION OPORD Briefing • Approve OPLAN/OPORD The Role of the Command and Staff in the MDMP

  17. MDMP Steps * = Commander Activities or Decisions INPUT OUTPUT Step 1: RECEIPT OF MISSION • Mission received from higher HQs or deduced by the commander and staff. • Higher HQs order/plan • Higher HQs IPB • Staff Estimates • Restated mission • Initial Cdr’s intent and planning guidance, and CCIR • Updated staff estimates • Initial IPB products • Refined Cdr’s intent and planning guidance • Enemy COAs • COA statement and sketches • Wargame results • Criteria for comparison • DECISION MATRIX • Approved COA • Refined Cdr’s intent • Refined CCIR • Cdr’s Initial Guidance • WARNO • Restated mission • Initial Cdr’s intent and planning guidance • Initial CCIR • Updated staff estimates • Initial IPB products • Initial ISR plan • Preliminary movement • WARNO • Updated staff estimates and products • COA statements and sketch • Refined Cdr’s intent and planning guidance • Wargame results • Decision support templates • Task organization • Mission to subordinate units • Recommended CCIR • Decision matrix • Approved COA • Refined Cdr’s intent • Refined CCIR • High pay-off target list • WARNO • OPLAN/OPORD WARNO Step 2: MISSION ANALYSIS WARNO Step 3: COA DEVELOPMENT Step 4: COA ANALYSIS (WARGAME) Step 5: COA COMPARISON Step 6: COA APPROVAL WARNO Step 7: ORDERS PRODUCTION

  18. MDMP OverviewSummary • Analytical and proven process. • Entirestaff participates. • Level of detail determined by the amount oftime available. • Level of detail also determined by theexperiencelevel of the staff. • Seven step process.

  19. QUESTIONS?

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