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Learning English as a global language

Learning English as a global language - background, learning strategies

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Learning English as a global language

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  1. Kent Lee Center for Teaching & Learning Korea University ctl.korea.ac.kr www.kentlee7.com Learning Strategies for English as a Global Language

  2. Consider… • Why is English so hard for Koreans? • How did you learn English? Were these methods effective?

  3. Overview • Historical background • English as a global language • Challenges of English • Goals, strategies, & techniques

  4. Historical background • Where did English come from?

  5. Historical background • Demystifying English • Reasons for its spread & usefulness • Old English, Anglo-Saxon (Germanic) • Middle English • Modern English • Contemporary –Global English

  6. Old English Hwæt! We Gardena in geardagum, þeodcyninga, þrym gefrunon, hu ða æþelingas ellen fremedon. Oft Scyld Scefing sceaþena þreatum, monegum mægþum, meodosetla ofteah, egsode eorlas. Syððan ærest wearð feasceaft funden, he þæs frofre gebad, weox under wolcnum, weorðmyndum þah, oðþæt him æghwylc þara ymbsittendra ofer hronrade hyran scolde, gomban gyldan. Þæt wæs god cyning. Beowulf (10th century)

  7. Old English 5th century A.D.: Germanic tribes  Anglo-Saxons- old Germanic vocabulary

  8. Old English • 600 A.D.: Christianization  some Latin vocabulary • 800 A.D.: Viking invasions  some Norse (Old Danish) vocabulary

  9. Middle English 1066 A.D.: Norman conquest  10,000 French / Latin words

  10. Middle English Old English + French  pidgin  creole • Swine, pig - pork, bacon • Cow - beef • Calf - veal • Sheep - mutton • Deer - venison

  11. Middle English • answer - respond • ask - inquire • bloom - flower • knowledge - science • smell - odor • understand - comprehend

  12. Middle English Whan that aprill with his shoures soote  The droghte of march hath perced to the roote, And bathed every veyne in swich licour  Of which vertu engendred is the flour; Whan zephirus eek with his sweete breeth  Inspired hath in every holt and heeth Chaucer, Canterbury Tales (14th century)

  13. Into themodern era

  14. Modern era William Shakespeare Introduced 2000+ new words & phrases

  15. Modern era 1611: King James Bible  idioms, metaphors, expressions • A fly in the ointment • A labor of love • A wolf in sheep’s clothing • Bite the dust

  16. Modern era • 1500s – 1700s: • Sound changes • Grammar changes • Verb forms • Vowels, pronunciation • thou, you

  17. Modern era Revival of Classics – Latin & Greek + Natural philosophy

  18. Modern era UK, 1600s – 1700s • Scientific & academic societies founded • Began using English • Coined new words from Latin & Greek • Modern French influence (as world lingua franca)

  19. Background: Modern era • UK, US, French imperialism, colonialism • New words taken from other languages British imperialism American imperialism

  20. Background: Modern era Dictionaries  standardization • Samuel Johnson (1755, UK), Noah Webster (1828, US), Oxford English Dictionary (late 1800s/1920s)

  21. Modern era • American English • Words (and territory) from Native American tribes, immigrants

  22. Contemporary English • WW1, WW2 • US, UK dominance in world affairs, business, technology • Popular culture …

  23. Contemporary English IT & Internet (>ARPANET) • download, hard drive, firewall, reboot • blog, vlog, poke • FYI, LOL, FAQ, BTW • emoticons: :) ;) :( :D

  24. Contemporary English Vocabulary of 1,000,000 words • Old English (Anglo-Saxon / Germanic) • Latin • French • Spanish • Greek • Words from c. 350 languages

  25. Contemporary English

  26. Overview • Historical background • English as a global language • Global English – L1 & L2 • University education • Challenges of English • Goals, Strategies, Techniques

  27. English as a global language

  28. Global English English dominance

  29. English as a global language • Inner circle nations – as L1 • Outer circle – institutionalized L2

  30. Inner circle: UK, US, … Autumn Barrister Solicitor Biscuit Flat Petrol Nappy, napkin Torch Fall Attorney Lawyer Cookie Apartment Gas (gasoline) Diaper Flashlight

  31. Global English • L1: 360 million • L2: 380 million – 1 billion • Most speak English as L2

  32. Global English, bilingualism & English influences

  33. Global English Discuss: Strengths & weaknesses , pros & cons, of English as a global language?

  34. Global English Strengths • Large, diverse vocabulary • Relatively simple grammar • Most widely used language in the world

  35. Global English Weaknesses • Complicated spelling & pronunciation • Some grammatical challenges – phrasal verbs, articles … • Complex word formation and pronunciation, e.g.:nation, national, nationality

  36. Global English Problems • Linguistic imperialism?

  37. Global English: Expanding circle • Varieties of English • Perfect pronunciation? • Example: Subtitle.interview.mp4

  38. University education English-mediated courses / instruction [EMC / EMI] • Like Latin in medieval universities • Trends in EU, Korea, Japan, Africa, etc. • Driven by globalization, competition • KU, 2005 & other Asian universities

  39. English-mediated courses Discuss: • Do you think this trend is a good idea? • Should it be implemented differently?

  40. Overview • Historical background • English as a global language • Challenges of English • Cognitive • Educational • Affective • Cultural • Goals, Strategies, Techniques

  41. Konglish examples • Somatoform, smartphone? • Do you have pullness?[congestion] • Awkward conversations …

  42. Challenges of English • Discuss the problems apparent in this video. • Discuss reasons for poor progress. • Example: Berlitz commercial

  43. Challenges of English Which is more important for L2 learning? • Intelligence • Rote memorization (rules, vocabulary…) • Imitation, repetition, practice • Rewards, incentives • Classroom learning • Motivation • Personality

  44. Challenges of English • Linguistic differences • Age effects • Linguistic L2 issues • Grammar functions • Word meaning • Word usage in context

  45. Challenges of English • Cognitive factors: Mental efficiency • L2 processing – slow, inefficient

  46. Challenges of English 1) Automatic, subconcious processing • Word recognition • Grammar, linguistic structure 2) Working memory • Meaning of discourse • Inferences, connections

  47. Challenges of English • L2 processing – slow, inefficient • Requires input, exposure to L2

  48. Challenges of English Beware pop psychology

  49. Challenges of English • Affective – motivation • Stress, pressure • Anxiety

  50. Challenges of English

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