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Chapter 4 & 18 review

Chapter 4 & 18 review. 1. What are the characteristics of living organisms? (on webquest ) Made up of at least one cell Has DNA Needs energy and a food source to survive Grows Has a metabolism Maintains homeostasis Responds to stimuli from environment Reproduces

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Chapter 4 & 18 review

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  1. Chapter 4 & 18 review

  2. 1. What are the characteristics of living organisms? (on webquest) • Made up of at least one cell • Has DNA • Needs energy and a food source to survive • Grows • Has a metabolism • Maintains homeostasis • Responds to stimuli from environment • Reproduces 2. Would a virus be considered living? Why or why not? - NO!Viruses: - Not made of cells - Not all have DNA (some do) - Do NOT need food - Do NOT grow - Do NOT have a metabolism - Do NOT maintain homeostasis - Do NOT reproduce on own (use host cell)

  3. 3. What (and when) did Hooke discover? Robert Hooke (in 1665): First person to see cells (cork), named cells 4. What (and when) did van Leeuwenhoek discover? • Anton van Leeuwenhoek (in 1673): • First person to see living cells (Protists and bacteria), made his own microscopes 5. List the parts of the cell theory - All living organisms are made up of one or more cells - Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in a living organism - Cells come only from the reproduction of existing cells

  4. 6. Do all cells look the same? Average cell size? • No, cells come in many different shapes and sizes (although most are microscopic). The form (shape) of a cell enables the cell to perform its specific function efficiently • Average plant and animal cell: 10 – 50 micrometers, bacterial cells are much smaller 7. Describe “Form Fits Function”. Explain a cellular example. • The form (shape) of a cell enables the cell to perform its specific function efficiently • Examples: • Red Blood Cell is round to fit through blood vessels, • White Blood Cell can change shape to move around the body and fight off infections, • Nerve cells have long extensions to send and receive messages • Skin cells are flat and stack up to form a protective barrier

  5. 8. What does selectively permeable mean? • Only certain materials are permitted to enter and leave the cell • Only certain amounts are permitted to enter and leave the cell 9. Describe the cell of a prokaryotic organism. Give an example • Example: Bacteria (Archaebacteria, Methanogen; Eubacteria, E. coli) • Very small (smaller than eukaryotic), • All have a cell membrane, Some also have a cell wall, • All prokaryotic cells have cytoplasm and cytosol, • All prokaryotic cells have DNA (usually clumped together into a nucleoid region), • NO NUCLEUS!!! • All prokaryotic cells have organelles without membranes (ribosomes)

  6. 10. Describe the cell of a eukaryotic organism. • Examples: Protist, Amoeba; Fungi, mushroom, yeast; Plant; Animal • Usually microscopic, • All eukaryotic cells have a cell membrane, some also have cell walls (NO ANIMAL CELLS HAVE CELL WALLS), • All eukaryotic cells have cytoplasm and cytosol, • All eukaryotic cells have DNA inside of a nucleus, • All eukaryotic cells have organelles without and with membranes 11. What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? • Prokaryotic cells are usually smaller. • Prokaryotic cells do not have organelles with a membrane (nucleus, Golgi, Mitochondria, ER, Chloroplast) 12. What do all cells have in common? • All cells have a cell membrane, cytoplasm, cytosol, DNA and some organelles

  7. 13. What is binomial nomenclature? • Scientific naming process, each identified organism is classified into categories from very general to very specific. • The Genus and species name are combined to give the scientific name of organisms, always capitalize Genus, need to italicize or underline whole name • Homo sapiens; Limulus polyphemus; E. coli • Homo sapiens; Limulus polyphemus; E. coli 14. 3 Domains: • Domain Archae(Kingdom Archaebacteria), • Domain Bacteria (Kingdom Eubacteria), • Domain Eukarya(Kingdoms Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia)

  8. 15. Who created the Kingdom system? List the categories from most general to specific - Linnaeus: Swedish scientist, devised heirarchical classification system, created binomial nomenclature system Linnaeus’: Kingdom  Phylum  Class  Order  Family  Genus  Species Now: Domain  Kingdom  Phylum  Class  Order  Family  Genus  Species

  9. 16. Characteristics of: • Kingdom Archaebacteria (“ancient” bacteria) • Cell Type: • Prokaryotic ONLY • Nutrition: • Autotrophic and/or heterotrophic (Both) • Example: Methanogens • Kingdom Eubacteria (“True” bacteria) • Cell Type: • Prokaryotic ONLY • Nutrition: • Autotrophic and/or heterotrophic (Both) • Example: E. coli, salmonella

  10. Kingdom Protista • Cell Type: • Eukaryotic ONLY • Nutrition: • Autotrophic and/or heterotrophic (Both) • Example: Amoeba, Algae • Kingdom Fungi • Cell Type: • Eukaryotic ONLY • Nutrition: • Heterotrophic ONLY • Example: Mushroom, Mold

  11. Kingdom Plantae • Cell Type: • Eukaryotic ONLY • Nutrition: • Autotrophic and/or heterotrophic (Both) • Example: Tree, grass, cacti, flowers, vegetables • Kingdom Animalia • Cell Type: • Eukaryotic ONLY • Nutrition: • Heterotrophic ONLY • Example: Human, bird, turtle, worm, fish, cat

  12. Cell Type

  13. Nutrition

  14. Cell Type

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