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Winds

Winds. What is Wind?. The horizontal movement of air from High pressure to Low pressure. H L Air moving up or down (vertical) is called a current. What causes wind?. diferences in pressure. H= High. L= Low. Pressure is caused by the characteristics of the air.

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Winds

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  1. Winds

  2. What is Wind? • The horizontal movement of air from High pressure toLow pressure. • HL • Air moving up or down (vertical) is called a current

  3. What causes wind? diferences in pressure H= High L= Low

  4. Pressure is caused by the characteristics of the air X X X X X X X X X X X X Molecules move faster and are farther apart. Warmer Air Less Dense Molecules are close together and move slowly. X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Cooler Air More Dense

  5. Warm Air Rises Cool Air Sinks Cool Air Sinking Warm Air Rising Warm Air Rising

  6. Convection Currents Cool Air Sinking Cool Air Sinking Warm Air Rising

  7. High Pressure H AHHHH! High Pressure • Ok, • High Pressure is • Dense (heavy) • Cool • Creates Clear Skies

  8. Low Pressure • Ok, • Low Pressure is • Less Dense (heavy) • Warmer • Brings Lousy Weather Whew! Low Pressure L

  9. High Pressure=Happy WeatherH Low Pressure = Lousy Weather L

  10. Wind blows from areas of to areas of high pressure low pressure

  11. Winds Blow from HIGH to LOW

  12. warm cold rising sinking clouds no clouds clockwise counter clockwise toward away

  13. In a high pressure area, air will (rise, sink) because the air is (less, more) dense. This is because the air is (cold, warm) and (rises, sinks). Therefore, clouds CANNOT form.

  14. In a low pressure area, air will (rise, sink) because the air is (less, more) dense. This is because the air is (cold, warm) and (rises, sinks). Therefore, clouds are LIKELY to form.

  15. There Are Two Kinds of Winds:Global and Local • Global Winds are Winds that blow over long distances around the Earth. • Local Winds are winds that blow a short distance.

  16. Global Winds

  17. Why Do Different Parts of the EarthHave Different Temperatures? North Pole Equator South Pole Thus, radiation is more intense near the equator compared to the poles. For this reason, it’s warmer near the equator than at the poles.

  18. Global Thermal Temperatures

  19. Air at the Equator is warm. Warm air rises. The Equator is a Low Pressure area. Air Rises at the Equator Warm Air Rises

  20. At the Equator, air rises; As the air moves upward, it cools, The air begins to turn to move downward. Cold air sinks at the 30o zone. What Happens to Rising Air at the Equator? Cool Air Sinks

  21. HIGH PRESSURE Winds blow from High Pressure to Low Pressure Low Pressure HIGH PRESSURE Low Pressure HIGH PRESSURE Low Pressure HIGH PRESSURE

  22. Let’s Label High Pressure 90°N Low Pressure 60 °N High Pressure 30°N Low Pressure 0° High Pressure 30°S Low Pressure 60°S High Pressure 90°S

  23. How are winds named? The direction from which they come

  24. Names of Winds • IMPORTANT:Winds are named from the direction they come. • North winds comes from the north; south winds come from the south. • Southeast winds come from the southeast and blow northwest; • Northeast winds come from the northeast and blow to the southwest.

  25. Let’s Label Easterlies Polar Easterlies Trade Winds Trade Winds PolarEasterlies

  26. Trade Winds • The TRADE WINDS are the winds blowing towards the equator. • These winds are Easterlies, blowing from the east. • South of the equator, the winds blow from the southeast • North of the equator, the winds blow from the northeast. • They were named because traders from Europe sailed in these zones on their way to the new world.

  27. Let’s Label Westerlies Prevailing Westerlies Prevailing Westerlies

  28. North is Located in the Westerly Wind Belt

  29. Why Don’t The Winds Blow in Straight Lines? • Cold air from both the South Pole and North Pole blows towards the 60o zone • But the air doesn’t flow in a straight line

  30. Coriolis Effect • Since the earth rotates, winds do not blow directly from north to south or south to north. • Winds curve • They curve because the earth rotates or spins on its axis. • TheCoriolis Effectis the curving of winds due to the earth’s rotation.

  31. The ball is going straight, but it looks like it is curving.

  32. Global Wind Animation http://www.geo.hunter.cuny.edu/~tbw/wc.notes/7.circ.atm/animations/GlobalWind.html

  33. Doldrums At the equator, which is 0o latitude, there is a windless zone called theDoldrums. Horse Latitudes At 30o N and 30o S, there is a windless zone called the Horse Latitudes. Zones of NO WIND

  34. Polar Easterlies Horse Latitudes And The Doldrums Westerlies Horse Latitudes Trade Winds Doldrums Trade Winds Horse Latitudes Westerlies Polar Easterlies

  35. Doldrums • Since the Trade Winds blow from both the North and South, a calm zone occurs. • This zone is called the “DOLDRUMS.” • In this zone, there are no winds. Ships often got stalled for long periods because they needed wind to blow their sails.

  36. The Horse Latitudes are zones of calm winds at the 30o Latitude Lines. The term horse latitudes originates from the days when Spanish sailing vessels transported horses to the West Indies. Since there was no wind, the sail ships that entered this zone, would get stuck for weeks. Since water and food shortages occurred, the crews found it necessary to throw their horses overboard. Horse Latitudes

  37. This is an area of high pressure. Air from the Equator and from the 60o Latitudes cool and descend at the 30o Latitude. Sinking air means no clouds or rain. Along this latitude, (between 15o to 35o) many of the major deserts are found 30o North and South Latitude H H

  38. Local Winds • Winds that blow short distances and in any direction (depending on pressure) • Remember, winds always blow from areas of high pressure to low pressure.

  39. Sea Breeze any wind that blows from a large body of water toward or onto a landmass Land Breeze is the reverse effect: dry land also cools more quickly than water and, after sunset a sea breeze dissipates and the wind instead flows from the land towards the sea

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