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Spanish Empire in Latin America 1519-1809

Spanish Empire in Latin America 1519-1809. Warm Up: Music: Gabriel’s Oboe Reading: 119-125. Architecture- Mission San Xavier del Bac. Early depiction of indigenous people. Cristobal Colon. 1492 Landed in Bahamas- Named it San Salvador

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Spanish Empire in Latin America 1519-1809

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  1. Spanish Empire in Latin America 1519-1809 • Warm Up: Music: Gabriel’s Oboe • Reading: 119-125

  2. Architecture- Mission San Xavier del Bac

  3. Early depiction of indigenous people

  4. Cristobal Colon • 1492 Landed in Bahamas- Named it San Salvador • “It was my wish to bypass no Island without taking possession” • “We have turned the world upside down” Guaman Poma de Ayala in a letter to the King in protest of the massacre of the Carribe • Future voyages created colonies.

  5. Other explorers • Francisco Cabral- Brazil • Amerigo Vespucci- “new world” • Balboa- Isthmus • Magellan- Circumvention

  6. Hernan Cortez • Conquistador • 1519-1521 leads 450 soldiers into Mexico

  7. Aztec Conquest • Myth of Quetzalcoatl • Small Pox • Cannons, Guns and Horses • Tlaxcala • Montezuma II was weak leader, many favored Cuhactmoc • Dona Marina “La Malinche”

  8. Bartolome de las casas “Their other frightening weapons besides horses: twenty hunting greyhounds. They were unleashed and fell on the Indians at the cry of Tomalo! (get them) Within one hour they had preyed on one hundred of them. As the Indians were used to going completely naked, it is easy to imagine what the fierce greyhounds did, urged to bite naked bodies and skin much more delicate then the wild boar they were used to….the tactic begun here and invented by the devil, spread throughout these Indies and will end when there is no more land or people to subjugate and destroy in this part of the world.”

  9. “ There was a great havoc. Very many died of it. They could not walk…They could not move; they could not stir; they could not change position, nor lie on one side, nor face down, nor on their backs. And if they stirred, much did they cry out. Great was its destruction.”

  10. Pizarro-Inca • Pizarro Marches from jungles in Panama to Andes • Atahualpa- Capture, Ransom and execution (beheading) • Defeat of Cuzco

  11. Race in New Spain • Peninsular • Criollos • Mestizo • Mullato • Negro • “Indio”

  12. Land in New Spain • Catholic Church justifies conquest by labeling heathens and therefore calling for Spanish to convert them by any means. • Church effort loses to economic motives. • Encomiendas- large land grants were given to Peninsulares • With these land grants came the ability to use the indigenous as forced labor, mining and churches (slaves)

  13. Mestizaje • Spaniard and Indian produce a Mestizo • From Spaniard and Mestiza, Castiza • Spaniard and Castiza, produce Spaniard • Mestizo and Indian makes Coyote • Black and Spaniard makes Mulato • Mulatto and Spaniard makes Morisco • Spaniard and Morisca makes Albino • Spaniard and Albino makes a Black Return Backward • Black and Indian makes Wolf • Wolf and Indian makes Zambiago • Zambaigo and Indian makes Alabrazado • Chamizo and Indian makes Cambuja • Chamizo and Indian makes Cambuia • From Albarrado and Indian, a Chachimboreta is born • From Indian and Cambuja, a Wolf Return Backwards is born • Wolf-Return-Backwards and Indian makes Hold yourself in Mid air

  14. Spain in Northern New Spain • Southwest- Coronado and myth of El Dorado • California- Myth of Amazona • Find Chumash in Chanel Islands • Florida- Fountain of youth • Strait of Anian (North West Passage) • Jesuits Build Missions – to educate and civilize. Pious fund money from lands to build more (21 total) • Portola and Serra were sent to stop Russian Colonization

  15. New Mexico • Juan De Anza Trail Blazes from Sonora to San Francisco • Cabeza de vaca ship wrecked and saved • Cibola (7 cities of Gold) • Silver is found in Zacatecas, San Luis Potosi, and Guanajuato…so Spanish forgot about it • Eusibio Kino declares California a peninsula

  16. Church and Military • Jesuits were outspoken and therefore begin to lose missions and are expelled. • Military loses control and then hands over many colonies to Franciscans.

  17. Resistance and Response • Spanish Empire the largest since the collapse of Rome • Tupac Amaru • Cholula • Pueblo

  18. What is a mestizo? • What Spanish Conquistador conquered the Aztecs? • What route did Columbus use to arrive in the “New World? • Where was Columbus from? Who did he claim lands for? • Who is Monctezuma? • Who defeated the Inca?

  19. Extra Credit • Ines of my Soul

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