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Political Organization & Values: Persian vs Greek Civilizations

Explore the differences in political organization and values between the Persian and Greek civilizations, including the Persian empire's imperial system and respect for conquered Greeks, and the Greek city-states' culture of popular participation and emergence of semi-democratic governments.

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Political Organization & Values: Persian vs Greek Civilizations

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  1. Chapter 4 Margin Review Questions

  2. How did Persian and Greek civilizations differ in their political organization and values? • Persians-Imperial political system built upon previous societies-Babylonian/Assyrian • Large geographic area-Egypt to India/35 million subjects • Cult of Kingship • Absolute rule • Administrative system-Satrap-twenty-three provinces/local leaders • Policy of respect for the conquered

  3. Greeks-Political organization(?)- hundreds of independent city-states each with 500-5000 male citizens/not an empire/colonies around the Mediterranean and Black Sea • Culture of popular participation based on the ideas of citizenship-starts from wealthy to the lower classes • Athens most democratic-Solon-end of Aristocratic rule/debt slavery/extends citizenship/paid-still half of population left out

  4. Why did semi-democratic governments emerge in some of the Greek city-states? • More men could afford weapons and serve in the military • Tyrants support the lower classes

  5. What were the consequences for both sides of the encounter between the Persians and the Greeks? • Little impact on the Persians • Pride for the Greeks-Greek freedoms were the reason they won • Establishes East/West divide-West represents freedom and the East represents despotism

  6. Radicalized Athenian democracy-more want full citizenship-fifty years following the Greco-Persian wars see the high point of Athenian democracy • Golden Age of Greek Culture-Philosophy/Architecture/Theater/Science • Civil War (Peloponnesian War)-weakens relationships opening the door for Alexander the Great (Macedonian)

  7. What changes did Alexander’s conquests bring in their wake? • Widespread dissemination of Greek culture to Egypt, Mesopotamia and India • Establishment of cities

  8. How did Rome grow from a single city to the center of a huge empire? • Values: 1. Rule of Law 2. Rights of citizens 3. Upright moral behavior-keeping one’s word 4. Political system which offers protection to all classes

  9. Punic wars (with Carthage)-extends Roman control over the W.Mediterranean.Becomes a naval power. • Rich get richer. Poor want to get richer. • Location, Location, Location • Army-well trained/fed/rewarded • Political support for expansion

  10. How and why did the making of the Chinese empire differ from that of the Roman empire? • China old/Rome new • Preexisting traditions

  11. How did the collapse of empire play out differently in the Roman world and in China? • Only Western half of Roman empire. Eastern half continued as the Byzantine Empire. • Invaders from the north for both, but in the case of China, invaders adopt Chinese culture-Rome-No • China reemerges as an imperial state (Sui). Rome- no large centralized state emerges

  12. Why were centralized empires so much less prominent in India than in China? • India-failed to command the kind of loyalty and influence the Chinese were able to. • Cultural diversity • Invasions • Caste System

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