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The Great Triumvirate

The Great Triumvirate. Clay, Calhoun, & Webster. Henry Clay. “The Great Compromiser”. 1777 - Born in Hanover County, VA 1797 - moved to Lexington, KY 1806 – 1807 - U.S. Senate 1810 – 1811 - U.S. Senate 1811 –1814 - Speaker of the House negotiated Treaty of Ghent

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The Great Triumvirate

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  1. The Great Triumvirate Clay, Calhoun, & Webster

  2. Henry Clay “The Great Compromiser” • 1777 - Born in Hanover County, VA • 1797 - moved to Lexington, KY • 1806 – 1807 - U.S. Senate • 1810 – 1811 - U.S. Senate • 1811 –1814 - Speaker of the House • negotiated Treaty of Ghent • 1815 – 1825 Speaker of the House • American System • Missouri Compromise • 1825 - 1829Sec. of State for J.Q. Adams • 1831 – 1842 - U.S. Senate • created the compromise tariff to end the Nullification Crisis • 1849 – 1852 - U.S. Senate • Compromise of 1850 • 1824, 1832, 1844 – Ran for President “I’d rather be right than president” - Henry Clay

  3. John C. Calhoun “Champion of States’ Rights” • 1782 - Born in in Abbeville, S.C. • 1811 – 1817 - House of Representatives • Member of War Hawks who called for war with Britain in 1812. • 1817-1825Sec. of War for James Monroe • sought censure of Andrew Jackson for overstepping his authority by invading Spanish Florida in 1818 • 1825 – 1829 - Vice-President for J.Q. Adams • 1829 – 1832 - Vice-President for Jackson • issued Doctrine of Nullification, resigns in Dec 1832 • 1832 – 1843 - U.S. Senate • 1844 – 1845 - Secretary of State for Tyler • Completed the annexation of Texas • 1845 – 1850 - U.S. Senate • Compromise of 1850 • argued to support slavery and the rights of slave holders; died before the final votes on the parts of the Compromise make it law. “In looking back, I see nothing to regret and little to correct.” - John C. Calhoun

  4. Daniel Webster “Defender of the Union” • 1782 - Born in Salisbury, New Hampshire • 1813 – 1817-House of Representatives • 1816 - 1823 - Lawyer in Boston, MA • 1819 – McCulloch vs. Maryland • defended the Bank of the U.S. and won • 1824 – Gibbons vs. Ogden • defended Gibbons and supported the idea that transportation is part of commerce • 1823 – 1827-House of Representatives • 1827 – 1841 – U.S. Senate • spoke against nullification in the Webster-Hayne Debates • 1836 – Ran for President • 1841 – 1843 – Sec. of State for Tyler • Webster-Ashburton Treaty, 1842, settled the boundary between Maine and Canada • 1845 – 1850 - U.S. Senate • supported the Compromise of 1850 against the wishes of his supporters • 1850 – 1852 – Sec. of State for Fillmore “Liberty and Union, now and forever, one and inseparable” – Daniel Webster

  5. The Great Triumvirate Henry Clay John C Calhoun llll • Between 1812 and 1850 had more impact on American government than any three politicians in American history. • none were ever elected president • they left a lasting legacy on American politics • more than the presidents of their day could match. Daniel Webster

  6. States’ Rights and Nullification

  7. Sectional Division • Country pulled into 3 sections • Northeast, South, & West • Regions argued over 3 major economic issues • Public land sale • Internal improvements • Tariffs

  8. Tariff of Abominations • Congress passed high tariff under J.Q. Adams • Proposed by Martin van Buren • South hated it • They were forced to sell cotton @ low prices to be competitive • Pay high prices for manufactured goods • Southern Congressman proposed the doctrine of nullification • Alien and Sedition acts as the model

  9. Nullification Crisis Nullification debate grew in the U.S. Senate: Webster-Hayne Debate Vice-President John C. Calhoun claimed “states should have final authority on whether to follow acts of Congress” He felt states had the right to judge if a law is constitutional Congressmen from South Carolina defended & promoted secession

  10. Presidential Response South hoped for Jackson’s support since he was a supporter of states’ rights Jackson opposed nullification but wanted to save the Union “Our Federal Union: It must be preserved.” South Carolina passed the Nullification Act and continued to threaten secession “Yes I have; please give my compliments to my friends in your State and say to them, that if a single drop of blood shall be shed there in opposition to the laws of the United States, I will hang the first man I can lay my hand on engaged in such treasonable conduct, upon the first tree I can reach.”

  11. Compromise • Jackson left Calhoun off his ticket in the 1832 election • Chose Martin van Buren as his Vice President • Jackson passed the Force Bill • The President could use force to enforce acts of Congress • Henry Clay proposed a smaller compromise tariff in the Senate • Congress passed it and S.C. accepted the new tariff

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