Locality, immigration and employment: viewing policy issues from small scale cities

1. Locality, immigration and employment: viewing policy issues from small scale cities Nina Glick Schiller, Director Institute for Cosmopolitan Cultures University of Manchester Nina.GlickSchiller@manchester.ac.uk

2. Outline of Presentation • Introduce a locality analysis perspective • Outline key elements of locality analysis in migration/ethnic minority studies • Provide examples from cities of “different scales.” • Conclusions

3. Standard point of entry: Ethnic differences in the labour market Knowledge Yield: Data on educational/historical differences between groups Racialization and Discrimination Outcomes of relative segregation Methodological strength: Useful for quantitative methods :

4. Alternative perspective: viewing migrants from a locality perspective Focus: How, when, and why are localities (neighbourhoods, cities, regions) affected through ethnic/migrant presence?

5. Locality Perspective Knowledge Yield: (1) Migrants as scale makers based on • Transnational/local ties • Strategies of local incorporation (2) Ability to note variations in contributions within ethnic categories (3) Variations in local outcomes, despite national patterns of discrimination because of racialization or religion

6. Global cities Contains useful perspective on neoliberal restructuring Addresses migrants as low wage and talent BUT not applied to other cities

7. Scholarship on neoliberal restructuring of locality provides alternative –city as entry point/grounding of the global • P.J. Taylor, M. Hoyler, D.R.F. Walker and M.J. Szegner • Nation-states economic and governance restructured vis-à-vis regions, localities, globe • Geographers summary: Scalar realignment end of nesting jumping scale

8. Assessment of scalar positioning affecting resident incorporation Degree of command and control functions access to investment capital political clout tax base regional, national, global networks

9. Scalar factors affect all residents’ incorporation locally and globally Locality analysis: places migrants and natives in same conceptual framework examines residents in terms of local positioning and roles –not by ethnicity/nationality

10. Halle/Saale Sachsen-Anhalt, Germany: Shrinking City Population 240,00 Loss since 1991: 70,000

11. Stores owned by Immigrants between Frankeplatz and Rannische Platz Total amount of stores 75; Percent Migrant : 9/75=12%

12. Manchester NHUSA Growing demographically but not in scalar positioning population (statistical area) 203,000 gained 10,000 since 1990

13. Projects to attract businesses: Manchester Airport, the Verizon Wireless Arena,, the Fisher Cats ball park, and adjacent hotel and condominiums I .

14. Migrants as gentrifiers • Restoring value to housing stocks • Stabilizing neighbourhoods • Drawing on extended family settlement strategies

15. Migrants: successful scale makers in more successful cities Parisian Carnival

16. Migrants as urban scale makers Transnational capital: in multiple localities Transnational businesses /connections Neighbourhood revitalization through business establishment housing investment • Immigrants behind startups1 of 4 public firms founded by foreign-born, study says

17. Conclusions and Questions: Implications for Manchester as globalizing city