What are the levels of organization in the human body?

1. What are the levels of organization in the human body?

2. The Skeletal System • Your skeletal system has 5 major functions: • Shape and support • Enables you to move • Protects your internal organs • Produces blood cells • Stores certain materials until your body needs them

3. The Skeletal System • The backbone, or vertebral column, is the center of the skeleton. • All the bones in the body are in some way connected to this column. • Move your fingers down the center of your back….What do you feel?

4. The Muscular System • Your body has 3 types of muscle tissue • Skeletal Muscle (attached to bones) • Example: Biceps • Smooth Muscle (work automatically to control movements such as those involved in digestion) • Examples: walls of stomach and blood vessels- • Cardiac Muscle (can contract repeatedly) • Example: heartbeats

5. The Digestive System • The digestive system has 3 main functions: • Breaks down food into molecules the body can use • Molecules are absorbed into the blood and carried throughout the body • Wastes are eliminated from the body

6. Mechanical Digestion Food is crushed and liquefied by teeth, tongue and contractions of the stomach and small intestine Chemical Digestion Salivary glands in mouth produce saliva which begins process of digesting starch. Food leaves mouth moves to esophagus then to the stomach Types of Digestion

7. Organs of the Digestive System • Esophagus • Food enters the esophagus as you swallow • A muscular tube that connects mouth to stomach • Stomach • Food enters stomach from esophagus • Muscular pouch located in the abdomen http://www.sts.org/images/esophbig.jpg

8. Organs of the Digestive System • Small Intestine • Stomach digests food and turns it to liquid which is sent to the small intestine • Absorption of nutrients occurs in small intestine • Liver • Largest, heaviest organ in your body • Used to filter substances from the blood http://request4liver.org/index.php

9. Organs of the Digestive System • Pancreas • Lies between stomach and small intestine • Produces enzymes that help break down starches, proteins and fats • Large Intestine • Last section of digestive system • As materials move through large intestine, water is absorbed into bloodstream • Remaining material is ready to be eliminated from the body

10. The Circulatory System • Consists of heart, blood vessels and blood. • Carries substances to cells and wastes products away from cells. http://www.dorlingkindersley-uk.co.uk/static/clipart/uk/dk/exp_humanbody/exp_human055.jpg

11. The Heart • Hollow muscular organ the pumps blood throughout the body. • About the size of your fist. • Each time the heart beats, it pushes blood through the blood vessels. 400 x 320 - 18k - jpg - www.nlm.nih.gov/.../ency/fullsize/1097.jpg

12. 4 Chambers of the Heart • Heart has 2 sides (right and left) that are separated by a wall of tissue • Each side has 2 chambers (upper and lower) • Each upper chamber is called an atrium (receives blood that comes into the heart) • Each lower chamber is called a ventricle (pumps blood out of the heart) http://www.livescience.com/images/human_heart_graphic_03.jpg

13. Arteries, Capillaries & Veins • Arteries • Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart • Capillaries • Blood flows from arteries to capillaries • Tiny vessels that exchange substances between blood and body cells • Veins • Blood flows from capillaries to veins • Vessels that carry blood back to the heart

14. The Respiratory System • Moves oxygen from the outside environment into the body. • Air passes through nose, pharynx, trachea, and bronchi • Also removes carbon dioxide and water from the body. • Respiration is the transport of oxygen to cells. http://medicalimages.allrefer.com/large/respiratory-system-overview.jpg

15. Organs of the Respiratory System • Nose • Air enters through nostrils and into nasal cavities • Pharynx • From nasal cavities air enters pharynx • Trachea • From pharynx air enters trachea (windpipe) • You can feel your trachea if you rub your fingers down the center of your neck

16. Organs of the Respiratory System • Bronchi • Air moves from trachea to bronchi • Lungs • Main organs of respiratory system • Air moves from bronchi to lungs http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/Sciences/LifeScience/GeneralBiology/Physiology/RespiratorySystem/HumanRespiratory/humrespsys_1.gif

17. The Excretory System • Collects wastes produced by cells and removes the wastes from the body https://eapbiofield.wikispaces.com/file/view/illu_urinary_system.jpg

18. Organs of the Excretory System • Kidneys • 2 kidneys eliminate waste materials • Wastes are eliminated in urine http://www.kidneykids.ca/images/your_kidneys.gif

19. The Nervous System • Receives information about what is happening inside and outside your body • Directs the way that your body responds to this information • Helps maintain homeostasis • Has 2 divisions that work together: • Central nervous system • Peripheral nervous system

20. Central Nervous System • Control center of the body • The brain is part of the central nervous system that controls most functions in the body. • The spinal cord is the thick column of nerves that links the brain to most of the nerves in the body. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/images/ency/fullsize/19588.jpg

21. Peripheral Nervous System • Consists of nerves that branch out from the central nervous system and connect it to the rest of your body. • 43 pairs of nerves in peripheral nervous system • Other 31 pairs of nerves begin at the spinal cord • One nerve in each pair goes to the left side of the body and the other nerve goes to the right side

22. What happens when you put your hand near a hot stove? http://images-cdn01.associatedcontent.com/image/A1076/10762/300_10762.jpg

23. You move your hand away from the stove BEFORE the message, “Hey, my hand is on a hot, burning stove” gets to your brain. • -This is a REFLEX. • -An action that your body does in response to something without you even having to think about it. • -Reflexes protect your body from things that can harm it. http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.nepknowmore.ca/local/images/en/patient/CNeP_Burning_Hand_tight.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.nepknowmore.ca/en/pain/&usg=__hfNynHqkxiQAx5RxsdXq_CHtNlU=&h=357&w=210&sz=81&hl=en&start=6&tbnid=DkUa3CTCb9ZejM:&tbnh=121&tbnw=71&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dhand%2Btouching%2Bhot%2Bstove%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den

24. What are some other reflexes that you can think of?

25. The Immune System • Protects the body from disease, germs and bacteria. • Your body is exposed to thousands of germs each day and you do not get sick from them because of your immune system.

26. The Endocrine System • Regulates, coordinates and controls an extraordinary number of your body’s functions.