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Aim : Cloning: good or bad?

Aim : Cloning: good or bad?. DO NOW: Correct the errors on your Scantron. Form A

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Aim : Cloning: good or bad?

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  1. Aim: Cloning: good or bad? DO NOW: Correct the errors on your Scantron Form A • 1-2 10-4 19-2 2-4 11-1 20-3 3-2 12-3 21-3 4-2 13-3 22-4 5-4 14-2 23-2 6-4 15-3 24-3 7-3 16-2 25-2 8-1 17-2 9-3 18-1 Form B • 1-1 10-2 19-2 2-2 11-1 20-2 3-3 12-3 21-4 4-2 13-3 22-3 5-4 14-3 23-2 6-3 15-1 24-4 7-4 16-2 25-2 8-4 17-3 9-2 18-3

  2. The types of human cells shown below are different from one another, even though they all originated from the same fertilized egg and contain the same genetic information. • Explain why these genetically identical cells can differ in structure and function. • different genes are “turned on” in different cells • they use different genes for their job

  3. A certain DNA strand has the base sequence: TACACACAAACGGGG. In the space provided below, write the sequence of amino acids synthesized from this code if it is read from left to right Met-Cys-Val-Cys-Pro

  4. Why are offspring of organisms that reproduce sexually not genetically identical to their parents? • Sexual reproduction involves the combination of genes from two parents. • Offspring only get half their genes from each parent. • Sexual reproduction allows for the recombination of genes.

  5. Cloning: Good or bad? • Advantages: • farmers can clone animals or plants that have desirable traits • we can clone endangered species and save them from becoming extinct • cloned organisms can provide organs for transplantation

  6. Cloning: Good or bad? • Disadvantages: • Clones don’t live long • Clones are all identical (identical immunity too) so one successful parasite can easily wipe them all out (no variation) • clones are always the same sex as parent • It is not ethical (especially cloning of humans!)

  7. Scientists have successfully cloned sheep and cattle for several years. A farmer is considering the advantages and disadvantages of having a flock of sheep cloned from a single individual. Discuss the issues the farmer should take into account before making a decision. Your response should include: • how a cloned flock would be different from a noncloned flock • one advantage of having a cloned flock • one disadvantage of having a cloned flock • one reason that the farmer could not mate these cloned sheep with each other to increase the size of his flock • one reason that the offspring resulting from breeding these sheep with an unrelated sheep would not all be the same

  8. How a cloned flock would be different from a noncloned flock: ---There would be no variation. — All would be identical genetic copies, unlike noncloned herds, where much genetic diversity would be present. — All sheep would be the same. • One advantage of having a cloned flock. — All sheep would have one or more desired traits (that the original individual possessed). • One disadvantage of having a cloned flock. — Since all are the same, the entire flock could be lost if a disease to which they have no resistance were to infect them. — The sheep may have a genetic flaw. — shorter life span •They would all be the same sex, so they could not mate with each other. •One reason that the offspring resulting from breeding these sheep with an unrelated sheep would not all be the same. — Both parents contribute genes to the offspring. — Different gene combinations will result. 1/06

  9. One variety of strawberry is resistant to a damaging fungus, but produces small fruit. Another strawberry variety produces large fruit, but is not resistant to the same fungus. The two desirable qualities may be combined in a new variety of strawberry plant by • 1. asexual reproduction • 2. cloning • 3. direct harvesting • 4. selective breeding

  10. The diagram below represents the organizationof genetic information within a cell nucleus. The circle labeled Z most likely represents (1) amino acids (3) vacuoles (2) chromosomes (4) molecular bases

  11. Some mammals have genes for fur color that produce pigment only when the outside temperature is above a certain level. This pigment production is an example of how the environment of an organism can • (1) destroy certain genes • (2) cause new mutations to occur • (3) stop the process of evolution • (4) influence the expression of certain genes

  12. A characteristic of mutations is that they usually • (1) are caused only by the events of mitosis • (2) do not occur at random • (3) result in different genetic sequences • (4) occur to meet the needs of a species

  13. A biotechnology firm has produced tobacco plants that synthesize human antibodies that prevent bacterial diseases. One of the first steps in the production of these plants required (1) using natural selection to increase the survival of antibody-producing tobacco plants (2) inserting human DNA segments into the cells of tobacco plants (3) using selective breeding to increase the number of antibody genes in tobacco plants (4) growing tobacco plants in soil containing a specific fertilizer

  14. The diagram below illustrates some key steps of a procedure in one area of biotechnology. The letter X most likely represents 1 bacterial cells that are unable to synthesize insulin 2 human cells that are able to synthesize antibodies 3 bacterial cells that are able to synthesize insulin 4 human cells that are unable to resist antibiotics

  15. Select the genetic disorder best described by the following phrase: Directly affects cells involved in oxygen transport. • PKU • Down-Syndrome • Diabetes • Sickle-cell anemia

  16. A gene that codes for resistance to glyphosate, a biodegradable weedkiller, has been inserted into certain plants. As a result, these plants will be more likely to (1) produce chemicals that kill weeds growing near them (2) die when exposed to glyphosate (3) convert glyphosate into fertilizer (4) survive when glyphosate is applied to them

  17. If a set of instructions that determines all of the characteristics of an organism is compared to a book, and a chromosome is compared to a chapter in the book, then what might be compared to a paragraph in the book? (1) a starch molecule (3) an amino acid (2) an egg (4) a DNA molecule

  18. Synthesis of a defective protein may result from an alteration in (1) vacuole shape (2) the number of mitochondria (3) a base sequence code (4) cellular fat concentration

  19. A characteristic of a DNA molecule that is not characteristic of a protein molecule is that the DNA molecule (1) can replicate itself (2) can be very large (3) is found in the cytoplasm (4) is composed of subunits

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