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From Therapy with Music To Music Therapy

From Therapy with Music To Music Therapy. A Brief Historical Review. Music Therapy. Music and music experiences as tools for healing, growth, & development Primary Elements: Client Therapist Music A Process. Why Music Therapy?.

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From Therapy with Music To Music Therapy

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  1. From Therapy with Music To Music Therapy A Brief Historical Review

  2. Music Therapy • Music and music experiences as tools for healing, growth, & development • Primary Elements: • Client • Therapist • Music • A Process

  3. Why Music Therapy? • Ancient physicians recognized that music affected human beings’ moods, energy levels, emotions… • Aristotle (catharsis), Plato (tx for the soul), etc. prescribed music for patients with physical & mental illnesses • Moral view: some types of music were considered better than others for treating “Melancholy” and for “building character”

  4. Very Early Europeans& Non-Europeans • Spiritual/Religious Healing • Placate gods & exorcize demons • Trance states (Shamanic approaches) • Sick person did not play- others provided musical stimulus for the Shaman- Shaman communicates with a god or gods to learn how to best treat the patient • Drumming and chanting

  5. Greeks: Rational Medicine • 4 Humours: Balance • Blood • Phlegm • Yellow Bile • Black Bile This theoretical view lasted 2000 years!; into the 1600s

  6. The Rise of Catholicism • Dichotomy: Power! And (vs.) compassion • Power dictated what was good & right • Compassion dictated that ill persons should be offered some form of tx • EXCEPT mental illness! • Devil/demon possession • Shunned, ridiculed, tortured, killed • Music for prayer and worship- to “heal the sick” • Church controlled quality of “good” music- down to the specific use of musical elements (e.g., tri-tone)

  7. Medicine & Music- 1600s-early 1900s • Advanced Societies: Advanced medicine • Music & Medicine linked • Microscope invented: cells discovered and studied • Physicians were upper class- studied music- valued music for altering moods, bringing joy, positive pastime endeavor, etc.

  8. Science: Music & Medicine Part Ways • 1800s forward • Mind & Body are viewed as separate • Likewise, • Musicians were musicians • Physicians were physicians

  9. Enlightenment regarding treatment for Atypical persons • Education reforms- (Industrial Revolution) • 1832 Perkin School for the Blind • Music programming • Early 1900s- attempts to bring music programming into medical hospitals

  10. WWII: Shell Shock (PTSD) • Musicians working in VA hospitals • Menninger Clinic: Kansas • E. Thayer Gaston (music educator) • 1944 Michigan State- 1st Music Therapy degree program • 1946 U. of Kansas- 1st internship

  11. Music Tx as an Organized Profession • 1950 MENC meeting • Birth of the National Association for Music Therapy (NAMT) • Behavioral medicine philosophical stance- to seek acceptance from the medical community • Pendulum swing…….

  12. Important Acronyms to MEMORIZE! • 1950: NAMT (National Association for Music Therapy) • Curriculum-based training • 1956 RMT (Registered Music Therapist) • A professional designation- NOT a credential • 1971: AAMT (American Association for Music Therapy) • Competency-based training • CMT (Certified Music Therapist) • Professional Designation

  13. Reunification: 1998(NAMT+AAMT) = AMTA • AMTA • “Your” American Music Therapy Association • Competency-Based Training

  14. The MT-BC Credential • 1986: CBMT (Certification Board for Music Therapists) • MT-BC (Music Therapist-Board Certified) • Board Certification Exam • CMTE (Continuing Music Therapy Education) • 100 hours/5 year cycle- or retake the Exam

  15. Music Therapy Journals: Tools for Research and Practice • 1964- JMT (Journal of Music Therapy) • NAMT/AMTA publication • Juried • Empirical Research • 1980- Music Therapy • 1984- Music Therapy Perspectives (MTP) • NAMT/AMTA publication • Juried • “Information Sharing”

  16. Journals continued… • Nordic Journal of Music Therapy • British Journal of Music Therapy • Canadian Journal of Music Therapy • Australian Journal of Music Therapy • New Zealand Journal of Music Therapy • The Arts in Psychotherapy • Voices- Online International Journal • Musictherapy.org- online resources • Etc…

  17. Currently… • Established Models: • CMT (Creative Music Therapy: aka Nordoff-Robbins Music Therapy) • AMT (Analytic Music Therapy) • GIM (Guided Imagery and Music) • Rise of Medical Music Therapy • Private Practice evolves… • 2000: Temple University- • 1st “pure” PhD in Music Therapy in U.S. • Advanced Competencies…

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