Seed Research of Oregon

1. Seed Research of Oregon

2. Improving Perennial Ryegrass Gray Leaf Spot Germination with salt stress Winter-active growth

4. GLS - What me worry? Gray leaf spot in perennial ryegrass First reported in 1991 Pennsylvania Epidemics in 1995, 1997 and 2000 in Mid-Atlantic, Northeast and transition zones Verified also in MidWest, New England, now West Large areas of fairways, roughs and athletic fields can be rapidly lost In California both permanent and overseeded turf

6. Gray Leaf Spot Fairway CA

7. GLS in CA 2003-2004 Almost 30 courses with positive diagnoses � mainly perennial ryegrass 1st epidemic: August � September 2nd epidemic October � November

8. What we know Gray leaf spot spores primarily airborne and spread by mowers, equipment (How did it get to CA?) Gray leaf spot overwinters as dormant mycelium in dead tissue - cold winters can reduce initial innoculum Long periods of leaf wetness under hot conditions favor the disease Initial innoculum builds up under lower temperatures then it explodes Often first occurs in shady, wet areas

9. Temperature and Leaf Wetness

10. What we know Initial symptoms are an off-color, wilted appearance Often mistaken for drought stress so irrigation is applied increasing period of leaf wetness = more disease Seedlings tend to be more susceptible than mature plants - could partially be due to maintenance of wet conditions in seedbed High nitrogen makes it worse Primo in spring can make it worse, but not in fall Putting a tarp on a field not a good idea during heat

11. What we know Fungicide control QoIs - Heritage at high rate good with high disease pressure, Compass at label rate sometimes has reduced control Benzimidazole - Clearys 3336 good at 3 oz except highest pressure Always add in a contact fungicide for spores Resistance already reported to QoIs - switch to fungicide with moderate activity for part of year Best long term solution lies in breeding for resistance

12. What we know California has four strains of disease - more than Eastern US Appears to indicate longer term presence or multiple introductions Origin of strains uncertain Resistant cultivars show variability in resistance from Eastern US High resistant cultivars still show resistance but highest level may vary One verified incidence in Oregon

15. SR 4600 Perennial ryegrass Superior Gray Leaf Spot resistance Excellent wear tolerance due to spreading growth habit Superior Summer stress tolerance Enhanced Winter active growth Fine leaf texture and vivid, dark green color Widely adaptable to differing climates Highest rated wear tolerance Puyallup, WA

16. Harrier Perennial ryegrass Excellent Gray Leaf Spot resistance High close mowing quality due to upright-growth habit Superior Spring green-up Excellent traffic stress tolerance Fine leaf texture and viivid, dark green color Upright-growth habit reduces stemminess for dense fine-textured turf under close mowing High Red Thread and Brown Patch resistance High seedling vigor for fast emergence and establishment

21. 2004 NOT AS SEVERE AS 2003, BUT SOME COURSES STILL HARD HIT2004 NOT AS SEVERE AS 2003, BUT SOME COURSES STILL HARD HIT

23. Headstart 2 Perennial ryegrass Excellent winter color and winter active growth Superior Spring green-up Excellent traffic stress tolerance Fine leaf texture and vivid, dark green color High Red Thread , Pythium Blight and Brown Patch resistance High seedling vigor for fast emergence and establishment

24. Firebolt Perennial ryegrass High performance under �Schedule C� homeowner High turf quality in Transition zone Excellent performance in PNW - low light intensity Excellent performance Mountain West Very Dark Green Color, fine leaf texture Superior red thread resistance Good brown patch resistance

29. Salt tolerant and other ryes STR 4PSLT - plants from salt screening planted and rouged for uniformity, color and yield. Has germplasm from Penguin plus SR 4420, 4220 and Hawkeye. Planted fall, 2005. STR 4TPC - Progeny of survivors in very heavy salt at TPC Scottsdale. STR 45AB - Winter-active material. STR 4QTR - Quick transitioning ryegrass

30. Gray leaf spot resistant ryes Peregrine - 1st cycle - certified seed SR 4550 - 2nd cycle - certified seed SR 4600 (SRX 4SP) - Certified this fall - brown patch resistance, lateral spread, highest turf quality Harrier (SRX 4UP3) - Certified this fall - stress tolerant, high turf quality SRX 4682 - Certified next fall - Hawkeye II, high gray leaf spot resistance SRX 4692 - Certified next fall - SR 4220 der. LCK - Certified next fall - High brown patch and GLS

34. Labyrinthula on Poa trivialis in SC Why overseed with different species?