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Objectives:

Objectives:. Outline the rock cycle and plate tectonics. Warm Up:. Define: Mineral Rock List the 4 most common minerals in the earth’s crust. Solid with definite chemical composition & crystalline structure. Composed of one or more minerals. Oxygen, Silicon, Aluminum, Iron. IGNEOUS.

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Objectives:

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  1. Objectives: Outline the rock cycle and plate tectonics. Warm Up: • Define: • Mineral • Rock • List the 4 most common minerals in the earth’s crust. Solid with definite chemical composition & crystalline structure. Composed of one or more minerals. Oxygen, Silicon, Aluminum, Iron

  2. IGNEOUS Weathering Crystallization Lithification (Compaction & cementation Melting SEDIMENTARY METAMORPHIC Plate Boundary creates enormous pressure & temp. Crystals realign

  3. Granite Basalt Limestone Sandstone Schist Gneiss

  4. PLATE TECTONICS: Mechanism Mantle convection currents move the crust.______ Major plates consist of both continental crust & oceanic crust. Exception = Pacific plate with only oceanic. Continental crust Oceanic crust Lighter minerals, less dense lighter color & form the raised areas of the earth. (Granite) Heavier minerals, darker, more dense therefore form the lower areas. (Basalt)

  5. 2 colliding plates Pacific rim (Marianas trench) Trenches, Volcanic Mtns., E.Q. Trench, volcanic mtns., E.Q. Alaska, S. Am. (Andes Mts.) Himalayas (India on the Austral Indian plate with the Eurasian plate. Folded Mtns., E.Q. 2 plates moving away from each other – new sea floor. – E.Q. Spreading ctrs. Of each ocean. San Andreas in CA 2 plates moving by laterally. – E.Q.

  6. Objectives: Complete environmental geology notes. Mining Lab. Warm Up: • Define: • Tailings • Heap-leap extraction • Strategic metals Left over rock from mining. Technique for extracting gold by spraying an alkaline-cyanide solution over low grade ore. Those metals necessary for a country’s economics but not mined in that country.

  7. SMCRA- Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act Aug. 3, 1977 All mines already in production are exempt. • SMCRA and its implementing regulations set environmental standards that mines must follow while operating, and achieve when reclaiming mined land. • 2. SMCRA requires that companies obtain permits • 3. Bonding. SMCRA requires that mining companies post a bond sufficient to cover the cost of reclaiming the site. • 4. Inspection and Enforcement. • 5. Land Restrictions • 6. SMCRA created an Abandoned Mine Land (AML) fund to pay for the cleanup of mine lands abandoned before the passage of the statute in 1977. The law was amended in 1990 to allow funds to be spent on the reclamation of mines abandoned after 1977. Surface mine is shown in the process of being reclaimed. The extreme left of the photo shows an area where spoil material has been deposited against a highwall. In the center of the picture a bulldozer is seen spreading and grading topsoil. The green area on the right reveals a recently revegetated area.

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