Ivan Pavlov and Albert Bandura

1. Ivan Pavlov and Albert Bandura By: Kristin Jones and Tatiana Pabon

2. Born September 14th, 1849 Died on February 27th, 1936 Received a medical degree at age 33 Father of Classical conditioning, also known as Pavlonian conditioning His studies on the digestive system won him the Nobel prize in 1904 Pavlov’s work set the foundation for John B. Watson, and his idea of behaviorism Used theories of associative learning and behaviorism to create his own theory of Classical Conditioning Ivan Pavlov

3. Albert Bandura • Born December 4th, 1925 • Received his bachelor’s degree in psychology in 1949 • Considered the “pioneering researcher” of observational learning • Currently is still a professor at Stanford university • Known for his “Bobo Doll” psychology studies • Used theory of behaviorism: which focuses on variables we can observe, measure, and manipulate

4. Classical Conditioning • Founded by Ivan Pavlov • Classical Conditioning: a type of learning in which an organism comes to associate stimuli • A neutral stimulus signals an unconditioned stimulus and begins to produce a response that prepares for the unconditioned stimulus

5. Unconditioned stimulus: a stimulus that is unlearned and triggers a response Unconditioned response: the unlearned response to the UCS Conditioned Stimulus: an originally neutral stimulus that, after association with an UCS, triggers a CR Conditioned Response: the learned response to a previously neutral conditioned stimulus Unconditioned Vs. Conditioned Neutral Stimulus: A stimulus which initially produces no specific response.

6. Pavlov presented meat powder (UCS) to a dog attached with salivation tubes in its mouth, the saliva was the UCR Then sounded a tone (NS) and got no response After repetition of the tone, then meat powder, the dog was conditioned to salivate at the sound of the bell Then discovered extinction, spontaneous recovery, generalization and discrimination Pavlov’s Meat Experiment

7. Placed a preschooler in a room with an adult stranger The preschooler was given crayons and paper, while the adult was given tinker toys After 10 minutes, the adult is told to get up and hit, kick, and scream at the bobo doll in the corner of the room Then boy is taken out of room, shown cool toys, but told “You’re not allowed to play with these” They then placed the frustrated preschooler back into the room with the bobo doll Bandura’s Bobo Experiment

8. After preschooler watched the adult kick and hit the bobo doll, he aggressively imitated him This is due to children’s tendency to model adults Results of Bobo Experiment

9. Both Pavlov and Bandura’s studies focus on observational learning: learning by observing others Also focuses on associative learning: learning that certain events can occur together They differ by Bandura’s interest in mirror neurons and modeling in specifically childrens behavior While Pavlov focused on the occurrence of stimuli and shaping behavior in animals specifically, but then used his findings to relate to everything else Similarities and Differences

10. Bibliography • Myers, David G. "Module 20." Psychology. 7th ed. New York [u.a.: Worth, 2007. 304+. Print. • MLA style: "Ivan Pavlov - Biography". Nobelprize.org. 29 Mar 2011 http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1904/pavlov-bio.html • Boeree, George C. "Albert Bandura." My Webspace Files. 2006. Web. 29 Mar. 2011. <http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/bandura.html>.