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8th Grade Life Science FCAT Review

8th Grade Life Science FCAT Review. Genetics. How do traits get passed?. • Chromosomes contain genes. A chromosome is an organized structure of DNA and protein found in cells. • Different forms of the same gene are called alleles

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8th Grade Life Science FCAT Review

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  1. 8th Grade Life Science FCAT Review

  2. Genetics

  3. How do traits get passed? • • Chromosomes contain genes. • A chromosome is an organized structure of DNA and protein found in cells. • • Different forms of the same gene are called alleles • Human cells have 23 pairs of large linear nuclear chromosomes (22 pairs of autosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes), giving a total of 46 per cell

  4. Dominant & RecessiveEvery person has 2 alleles for every trait! Recessive- the allele that gets covered up or disappears. b • Dominant-when one allele covers up another • B

  5. Genotype & Phenotype Genotype Phenotype Phenotype- the way the organism looks Black • Genotype- the letters used to represent the alleles • Bb

  6. Heterozygous & Homozygous Heterozygous Homozygouse Homozygous- 2 different alleles (1 dominant & 1 recessive) 2 of the same alleles (either 2 dominant or 2 recessive BB or bb • Heterozygous- • • Homozygous- • 2 different alleles (1 dominant & 1 recessive) • Bb

  7. How to Set Up a Punnett Square

  8. Cells

  9. Living things have at least 5 common characteristics • 1. They are made of CELLS2. They RESPOND to stimuli 3. They use ENERGY4. They GROW and DEVELOP 5. They can REPRODUCE

  10. MRS. GREN • One way to remember the characteristics of living things is to remember “MRS. GREN” • – M-movement • – Rrespiration • S-stimuli– G-growth • – R-reproduction– E-elimination of wastes – • N-nutrition

  11. There are 2 types of cells Prokaryotic Eukaryotic

  12. Prokaryotic eukaryotic Plants and animals Organelles Nucleus Last to evolve • No nucleus • No organelles • Most bacteria • 1st kind of cell • Very simple

  13. Are All Cells the Same Shape?

  14. Sexual vs. Asexual Reproduction • • AsexualReproduction • – 1 parent needed • – All offspring are identical • – Advantage-faster than sexual reproduction • –  Also called budding • –  Looks like mitosis • –  Ex: bacteria • Sexual Reproduction • – Advantage-All offspring are different (genetic variation) • 2 parents needed • Most animals

  15. Sexual Reproduction • Egg: female sex cell • Sperm: male sex cell • After fertilization, zygote • Body cells> sex cells

  16. Diploid Haploid Sperm and egg Meiosis 1 set of chromosomes 23 chromosomes • Skin, blood, mucus • Mitosis • 2 sets of chromosomes • 46 chromosomes

  17. Mitosis- Diploid

  18. Meiosis

  19. The Human Body Systems

  20. Structural Organization

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