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The Domestic Policy of Teddy Roosevelt

The Domestic Policy of Teddy Roosevelt. U.S. History 2 AP Mr. Melvin Unit 2, Lesson 3. McKinley Killed. September 1901 – McKinley assassinated Buffalo, NY by Leon Czolgosz (anarchist) Died from wounds on September 14, 1901 3 rd president killed in less than 40 years!. T.R.

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The Domestic Policy of Teddy Roosevelt

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  1. The Domestic Policy of Teddy Roosevelt U.S. History 2 AP Mr. Melvin Unit 2, Lesson 3

  2. McKinley Killed. • September 1901 – McKinley assassinated • Buffalo, NY by Leon Czolgosz (anarchist) • Died from wounds on September 14, 1901 • 3rd president killed in less than 40 years!

  3. T.R. • Youngest President in history • Harvard graduate • Rancher • Police commissioner • Ornithologist • Historian • Assemblyman • Civil Service commissioner • Asst. Secretary of Navy • Volunteer colonel • Governor of New York

  4. T.R. • Chose the Republican party because it gave him the best chance of success • Was nominated to be McKinley’s Vice President to get him out of New York politics • Thomas Platt feared TR’s “reform ventures

  5. Roosevelt’s Philosophy • Saw political office as method of doing what’s best for the people • Define great national problems and win people over to his solutions • Infuse presidency with an efficient administration and his ability to enforce the laws

  6. Roosevelt’s Philosophy • Surround himself with best possible minds

  7. Roosevelt’s Philosophy • Did use party patronage to fill lesser offices • Caused Marc Hanna to lose control of party by 1904 • Because of this, able to rely on state conventions to pass his reforms • Achieved balance • Satisfied reformers but didn’t offend Old Guard

  8. Roosevelt’s Philosophy • Focused on the 3 C’s: • Corporation Control • Consumer Protection • Conservation

  9. “Trust Buster” • TR was a gradualist • Accept advice from Old Guard on tariff and money matters • Would keep them happy • Was more concerned with industrial consolidation • Can government control corporations? • Supreme Court said “No” in 1895 U.S vs. E.C. Knight

  10. “Trust Buster” • 1902 – TR ordered government to sue The Northern Securities Company (Violation of the Sherman Antitrust Act) • Was holding company for series of railroads • Formed to stop Wall Street Panic in 1901 • Consolidation worried farmers • Less railroad competition = high rate prices • How can they afford to ship their goods to market?

  11. “Trust Buster” • Main targets of suits were J.P Morgan and James J. Hill (Too much power!!)  NY Banker RR Tycoon 

  12. “Trust Buster” • Morgan was arrogant • Tried to have lawyer settle issue out of court = FAILED • 1903 – Federal Court ordered trust dissolved • Upheld by Supreme Court in 1904 • Symbolized shifting of power to Washington and away from strong NYC Bankers

  13. 44 more during terms Beef Trust (1902) American Tobacco Co (1906) DuPont Corp (1906) New Haven RR (1907) Standard Oil (1907) “Trust Buster”

  14. Really a Trust Buster?? • Not really true – More of a “Trust Regulator” • Only break up if misbehavior exists • TR had no issues with corporations that benefitted consumer • Proved government, not industry in power

  15. The Square Deal • Implemented in December 1901 • TR believed: • Expert management rather that popular views • Reforms that punish bad corporations • Reforms that still assist in growing industry • Better the lives of all U.S. citizens

  16. Square Deal Legislation • 1903 – law that expedited anti-trust prosecutions • Elkins Act – forbade giving and receiving railroad rebates • Department of Commerce and Labor • Bureau of Corporations: • Investigated bad business practices • Gave government the evidence to prosecute • Original opposition from Nelson Rockefeller • Passed Congress soon after revelation

  17. 1902 Coal Miners’ Strike • Lasted from May through October • Workers wanted: • Union recognition • 8 hour workday • Pay Increase Mine owners refused to negotiate with Labor Union (United Mine Workers)

  18. Winter loomed and coal shortages TR wasn’t sure if he can legally get involved Brought both to White House Union agreed to arbitrate; Owners refused Owners wanted army to take over mines TR: Threatened to use army against owners! 1902 Coal Miners’ Strike

  19. 1902 Coal Miners’ Strike • The Solution • No Union recognition • Owners can raise coal prices 10% • Workers – 10% pay increase and 9 hour workday • 1st president to threaten to nationalize private industry • 1st to have labor and management accept commission arbitration

  20. TR and Charles Fairbanks elected by large margin Stole reform banner from Democrats Beat Alton Parker Electoral Votes – 336-140 Election of 1904

  21. Other Square Deal Legislation • Hepburn Act (1906) - gave Interstate Commerce Commission power to prescribe substitute railroad rates upon complaint • Employer Liability Act (1908) – protects and compensated RR workers injured on job

  22. 1906 Pure Food and Drug Act Federal prevention of altering, mislabeling, and selling bad foods 1906 Meat Inspection Act Because of Sinclair’s The Jungle Now subject to federal regulations and inspections for sanitary conditions Other Square Deal Legislation

  23. Conservation • TR believed it very important to protect natural resources for future generations • 1902 Newlands Act – funded irrigation projects for 17 Western States • Laws limiting miner entry into certain coal mines • Laws limiting amount that cattlemen can use prairie land • Angered many Western Senators and Representatives

  24. Conservation • Product of Newlands Act is the Roosevelt Dam in Arizona

  25. Conservation • Roosevelt and Pinchot also assisted in creating many National Parks and Monuments Crater Lake National Park Devil’s Tower National Monument

  26. Who Can Forget about the Grand Canyon? (1908)

  27. Opposition over Conservation • 1907 – Western Reps. attached a rider to appropriations bill to create new reserves • Rider limited amount of reserves • TR signed it – needed $ anyway • Attached more acres to reserves to compensate

  28. Opposition to Conservation • 1908 – TR and Pinchot formed the National Conservation Congress • Composed of governors and conservation experts • Congress hostile to it; ignored all recommendations • TR continued to battle Congress over conservation for remainder of presidency

  29. Panic of 1907 • Businessmen blamed Roosevelt – “Too much meddling!” • Causes: • Industrial production expanded beyond consumption • Bankers engaged in speculative behaviors • Giving out easy and bad loans

  30. Panic of 1907 • Solution: • TR was forced to rely on J.P. Morgan and other bankers • Morgan would use his money to create trust to stabilize market • Would need approval from TR that he wouldn’t get “busted” for forming monopoly • TR secretly agreed • Panic soon subsided

  31. TR called for financial reforms (1908) Federal incorporation and regulation of all interstate business Federal regulation of stock market Limitation of labor injunctions Investigation of labor disputes 8 hour work days for all employees Income and inheritance taxes Created Aldrich/Vreeland Act (1908) National Bank can issue emergency currency backed by collateral in cases of financial panic Established National Monetary Commission Studied European Banks How can US Banks become more efficient? Studies eventually used for Federal Reserve Act of 1913 Panic Aftermath

  32. He Must Have Done Something Good, right? That’s not too shabby of company!

  33. Image Citations • http://www.math.buffalo.edu/~sww/0history/mckinley-assassination2.jpg • http://content.artofmanliness.com/uploads/2008/11/a_teddy_roosevelt.jpg • http://www.nndb.com/people/457/000059280/elihu_root.jpg • http://www.americaslibrary.gov/assets/jb/reform/jb_reform_taft_1_e.jpg • http://bloximages.chicago2.vip.townnews.com/tdn.com/content/tncms/assets/editorial/3/1a/4f9/31a4f9a7-0de3-5628-a1dd-483deba46a24.image.jpg • http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/JRGarfield.jpg/225px-JRGarfield.jpg • http://muson.info/images/h_jp_morgan_062300_03.jpg • http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7f/James_J._Hill_at_35.jpg • http://www.danablankenhorn.com/images/teddy_roosevelt_trustbuster.jpg • http://faculty.umf.maine.edu/walter.sargent/public.www/web%20104/TR%20trust%20buster.jpeg • http://www.radford.edu/~wkovarik/class/law/trustbuster.roosevelt.gif • http://www.kirkwood.k12.mo.us/parent_student/KHS/plattes/topics17and18/topics17and183.jpg • http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Hazelton_coal_miners.jpg/350px-Hazelton_coal_miners.jpg • http://www.teachersparadise.com/ency/en/media/4/48/electoralcollege1904_large.png • http://museum.nist.gov/images/exhibits/45.jpg • http://media-2.web.britannica.com/eb-media/02/94302-004-9909DA36.jpg • http://www.destination360.com/north-america/us/wyoming/devils-tower-national-monument • http://www.dailyhistory.net/images/grand-canyon-national-park.jpg • http://i.bnet.com/blogs/teddy-roosevelt.jpg • http://www.thoughtsfromaconservativemom.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/12/Rushmore.jpg

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