The European XFEL Project: Advancing Science with Super-Light Sources

1. XFEL The European XRAY-Laser Project in Northern Germany The Safety-Concept • What is the XFEL • XFEL – Progress of Planning • Components • Safety Concept

2. What is the XFEL?

3. What is the XFEL? Science with Synchrotron-Radiation Accelerator as Super-Light-Source If particles fly around a bend, they send out a wide spectrum of bright light: Synchrotron-Radiation • Scienceat surfaces • Science with matter • Molecularbiology • Medicine • Chemistry • Geology • ...

4. For over 100 Years: X-RAYS Penetrate matter The wavelength fits to the distance of the atoms The way to X-RAY-Laser • Since then: • Further developements of X-RAY-tubes were made • Synchrotron-Radiation-Sources (at DESY since 1964) To see what the eye doesn´t see

5. What do they wish to do? Watching of: • Single molecules (3dimensional) • Movings and chemical reactions Idea: Ultrashort super bright light flashes to watch fast reactions at atomic layer Combining the qualities of X-RAY-light and laser-light in the X-RAY-Free-Electron-Laser

6. The possibilities of XFEL • atomic solutionstructure of molecules • bright light flashes (billion times brighter than up to now)

7. The possibilities of XFEL • short light flashes (<100 Femtoseconds) • in fast flashings • recording of chemical reactions • You can see how • a muscle moves or • catalytic processes work new applications in biology, pharmacy,science of life

8. 2. XFEL – Progress of Technical Planning

9. Neighbour Village Schenefeld • ~02/2003: Ministry of Science: decision to realise XFEL as European Project • ~10/2003: Decision for the site at Schenefeld • ~12/2003: Establishing of a workgroup at DESY for the preparation of the PA P • 29/09/2004: The treaty between Hamburg and Schleswig-Holstein gets signed • 01/01/2005: Begin of the treaty between Hamburg and Schleswig-Holstein

10. Overview 2005/2006 • Technical Planning XFEL finished 10.12.2004 • Version zero of plan approval procedure (PAP) ready 15.01.2005 • Motion for plan approval procedure15.04.2005 • Layout of documentation for the public 01.05.2005? • End of Layout 15.06.2005? • Date of discussion with authorities 01.10.2005? • Resolution for PAPEnd 2005? • Start of construction work Autum 2006?

11. XFEL – Components

12. Marked-out route XFEL 2nd Part 1st Part Osdorfer Born Schenefeld DESY Beam

13. Components of XFEL • - Total length ~3300 m (~11.000 ft.) • - Depth 8 to 25 m (26 to 75 ft.) • Tunnel diameters 5.2 m and 4.5 m (~ 18 ft. and 15 ft.) • 12 shafts for both parts • 2 experimental halls 50 m x 90 m (~ 164 ft. x 295 ft.) Schenefeld

14. 2,1 km (~ 6900 ft.) superconducting acceleratorat 2 Degrees Kelvin Components of XFEL Schenefeld

15. 1,2 km (~ 4000 ft.) XRAY-“Junctions“ with the undulators Components of XFEL DESY

16. Experimental hall with thefirst 10 measuring huts Components of XFEL DESY

17. Site of Schenefeld Photon- beam

18. XFEL – Safety concept

19. The safety concept The safety concept is compiled by Prof. Dr.-Ing. Alfred Haack STUVA (Studiengesellschaft für unterirdische Verkehrsanlagen e.V.) and the XFEL-workgroups at DESY

20. The safety concept • Main-targets in case of emergency: • Guarantee of Personal Safety • Guaranteeof Plant Safety

21. The safety concept This has to be reached during equipment, run- and maintenance-periods by: 1. Technical measures 1.1 Definition of fire- and smoke-separations 1.2 Smoke extraction 1.3 General safety installation 1.4 Installations (cables, transformers, electronics) that are as fireproof as possible AND 2. Organizational measures 3. Personal measures

22. The safety concept • Separate consideration of standard buildings and tunnels and shafts • Standard buildings similar to building regulations of Hamburg and Schleswig-Holstein • Technical buildings similar to Industrial Building Regulation • Experimental hall, tunnels and shafts Which regulations to use???

23. The safety concept Our problem: There are no standards for our XFEL-underground buildings. Our task: Definition of our own rules for PAP for these buildings. Lets focus on buildings: Experimental hall, tunnels and shafts:  special scientific underground buildings  no standards for scientific underground buildings  we proceed similar to traffic tunnels and stations

24. The safety concept • If we compare traffic tunnels and stations with the XFEL, we have • underground buildings • a great number of people (up to several thousand) • difficult and long escape routes • At XFEL only the number of employees in possible hazardous areas is smaller and we only have instructed and trained people. • The basic rules for traffic tunnels and stations can be adapted to shafts and tunnels. • (Length of tunnels, evacuation speed, safety measures)

25. The safety concept • General Safety Standards for XFEL: • Shaft buildings (XSx): • Underground building up (or better down) to 7 floors • Solid fire- and smoke-separation between tunnel and shaft • Smoke detecting system for each building with pushbuttons and evacuation alarm • Escape routes: safety stair case, ladders in media shafts and tunnels • Safety stair cases with overpressure ventilation • Safety elevator for use of fire brigade • Access control system with personal tag • Escape routes < 35 m to next safe area

26. The safety concept General Safety Standards for XFEL: Injector shaft XSIN Entry shaft XSE Injector tunnel XTIN

27. The safety concept General Safety Standards for XFEL: 1st Junction shaft XS1

28. Standort Osdorfer Born: Strahlverzweigung tunnel at the junction shaft near Osdorfer Born

29. The safety concept General Safety Standards for XFEL: LINAC Tunnel (XTL):

30. The safety concept • General Safety Standards for XFEL: • LINAC Tunnel (XTL): • Solid fire- and smoke-separation between tunnel and shaft • Fire- and smoke-separation inside tunnel each 600 - 700 m long escape routes! • 2 escape routes: both directions of tunnel • Smoke detecting system with push buttons and evacuation alarm • Smoke extraction channel • Access control system with personal tag • Oxygen self rescuer for minimum 30 minutes

31. The safety concept General Safety Standards for XFEL: LINAC Tunnel (XTL): • Separation in the tunnel (600 – 700 m) • Separation wall with three water mist curtains to wash out possible smoke in case of a fire • No solid door inside the tunnel to ease transports and work

32. The safety concept • General Safety Standards for XFEL: • LINAC Tunnel (XTL): • following definition was made: • Self rescue time (700 m => 1.5 m/s => max. 8 minutes to reach next safe area) • Rescue by emergency service or fire brigade from 8 minutes on 1.5 m/s = walking speed (only instructed and little number of employees, compared with passengers in stations, no handicapped persons)

33. The safety concept General Safety Standards for XFEL: LINAC Tunnel (XTL): Where is the biggest fire risk for the first 8 min? ?? • Smoke extraction through extraction channel • with flaps each 50 m Cables ? Electronic racks ? Klystrons ? Oil-transformer ?

34. The safety concept • General Safety Standards for XFEL: • LINAC Tunnel (XTL): Fire protection of installations • Cables are not readily combustible (FRNC) • Electronic racks are provided with a gas extinguishing system • Oil-transformers are provided witha water mist extinguishing system

35. The safety concept • General Safety Standards for XFEL: • LINAC Tunnel (XTL): • A computer fire simulation was made at STUVA and showed that the decision with max. 700 m separation and 8 minutes self rescue time is acceptable. • After the end of the self rescue time the smoke reaches the separations and sinks down.

36. The safety concept General Safety Standards for XFEL: Photon Tunnel (XTDs):

37. The safety concept • General Safety Standards for XFEL: • Photon Tunnel (XTDs): • Solid fire- and smoke-separation between tunnels and shafts • No fire- and smoke-separation inside tunnel, max. 600 m long escape routes! • 2 escape routes: both directions of tunnel • Smoke detecting system • with push buttons and evacuation alarm • Smoke extraction through whole tunnel diameter! • Oxigen self rescuer for minimum 30 minutes • Access control system with personal tag

38. The safety concept General Safety Standards for XFEL: Experimental Hall (XHEXPx): • Solid fire- and smoke-separation between tunnel and hall • Smoke detecting system in the hall with pushbuttons and evacuation alarm • 7 escape routes: 2 safety stair cases, 5 into tunnels • Safety stair cases with overpressure ventilation • Safety elevator for the use of fire brigade • Access control system with personal tag • Escape routes < 35 m • Smoke extraction

39. The safety concept General Safety Standards for XFEL: Experimental Hall (XHEXPx): Offices, labs, auditorium

40. The safety concept General Safety Standards for XFEL: Experimental Hall (XHEXPx): Photon tunnel 12.5 m (~ 40 ft.)

41. The safety concept General Safety Standards for XFEL: Experimental Hall (XHEXPx): 50 m x 90 m (~ 164 ft. x 295 ft.) Experimental huts Photon tunnels